Years 1830

Events

Uruguay: The country has a liberal constitution and economic resources coming from its port of Montevideo and its exports agricultural (breeding). But the arguments localists divide Uruguay into two camps starting from 1836. The colorados, which are pressed on the capital, symbolize the liberal modernity and ideas. Suffering from the competition of Buenos Aires and trading with the Brazil, they are fatally anti-Argentinian. The blancos defend the authority of the landowners of the interior and are wary of the expansionist aimings of the Brésil.

the Masaï reach the latitude of Zanzibar.
the Arab merchants establish a relay with Tabora between Zanzibar and the Big lakes.
First incursion of treating Arab into the kingdom Lounda of the Kazembe (in the east of the Angola). Accustomed to the system of the tributes, Lounda will be exceeded by the spirit of free enterprise of treating, prelude to the rise of the big business which is not long in upsetting the political structures of the kingdom.

In spite of its prohibition, continuous draft of the slaves: 60 000 departures per annum about 1830.

First covered carriages.
Installation of the first line of Railroad ensuring the passenger transport, between Liverpool and Manchester.
In continental Europe, the first line is inaugurated in 1835, between Brussels and Malines, with the material manufactured by John Cockerill.

Increase in gold exports of Gold Coast towards the the United Kingdom, which pass from 5 000 with 10 000 ounces per annum on average. They remain very irregular and Gold Coast knows consequently a great economic instability.

Morocco: Prosperity of the port of Mogador in the years 1830-1840. The licit products of Sudan represent a third of exports.

Massive arrival of labor tamoule to Ceylon. The British exploit it to develop the plantations of Café on the highlands, where they obtain at very low price grounds withdrawn from the village communities. The economy of the center of the island is disenclosed by an highway network.

the population of Java terribly suffered from the war, the famine and the epidemics. One estimates at more 200 000 the number of victims.
the “war of Java” ruined the colony, which was involved in debt. Part of the opinion Dutchwoman becomes hostile with the colonial system.
to rectify the colony, the Dutch governor Johannes Van den Bosch imposes the system of the cultures (Cultuurstelsel) which obliges the Javanese peasants to devote a fifth of the ground and their work to the cultures of export (The, Café, spices, Sucre, Indigo) imposed by the government. The products thus obtained are the state-owned property.

the Cultuurstelsel leads to an exploitation without precedent of the indigenous populations in Indonesia. The limits fixed at the beginning will not be respected, and the taking away of a fifth of the cultivated grounds can go until the third, even half in the areas of cane with sugar. To the fifth of the working time provides to the government for the culture grounds (60 to 70 days), which can reach 90 days even 240, is added a system of drudgeries for the alteration work (roads, ports, stores, town planning, fortifications). The corvéables receive a thin remuneration, which paid late the met at the thank you of the usurers. The tax on land continues to be to take (it doubles in fifteen years). The administrative expenses are at least reduced. The company evolves/moves. The regents java be born are interested in the system of the cultures and act as despots. In the villages, the Community administration is reinforced and is used by the Dutchmen to facilitate the application of the system of the cultures and to slow down the development of the personal property.

For the metropolis, the results of the system are positive. Between 1830 and 1877, “the colonial surplus” represents 800 million guilders, whose four fifths are due to the coffee. The figures culminate between 1860 and 1864. The population, if she knows a constant increase, suffers from the system which privileges the cultures of export to the detriment of the food production.

Simple: 1830s

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