Wrocław

Wrocław (; German Breslau in ) is more the old city of Poland, and the fourth city by order of size. It is since 1999 chief town of the Voïvodie of Low-Silesia (between 1975 and 1998 chief town of the Voïvodie of Wrocław).

The city is crossed by a river, the Oder, and four of its affluents: Bystrzyca, Oława, Ślęza and Widawa.

The city was candidate to organize the International exhibition of 2012, which will take place in Korea.

History

See also: History of Wrocław

This city was created at the 10th century and was known under its old Polish name Wrocisław and under its Latin name Vratislavia . The city was managed by the dynasty Piast but was not regarded as as important economically as Liegnitz (Legnica) or Brieg (Brzeg) which were the administrative centers of Silesia before the 15th century. It followed the fate of the Silesia, passed from the Poland to the Bohemia (in the Germanic Empire) in 1335, then with it in 1526 with the Austria. In 1745 it was attached to Prussia after the War of succession of Austria. As the remainder of the Low-Silesia it was deeply germanisée. It entered the German Empire with the remainder of Prussia in 1871, and remained German after 1918. In 1945, the area was attached to Poland and the German-speaking ones expelled to the profit of other refugees (coming partly from the territories lost by Poland in the east of the Curzon line).

From August 25th to 28th 1948, a World congress of the intellectuals for peace is held in Wrocław: it constitutes the founding document of the World council of peace in this symbol city of the victory against the Nazi Germany.

Demography

Remarkable buildings and places

Market of the centenary ('' Hala Stulecia '')
Ostrów Tumski
Panorama Racławicka
Place Grunwaldzki de Wrocław
Église St Elisabeth ('' Kościół św. Elżbiety '')

Famous characters of the city

Angelus Silesius (Johannes Scheffler) (1624-1677) - religious poet germano-Polish
Christian Wolf (1679-1754) - philosopher
Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834) - theologist and philosopher
Carl Ferdinand Langhans (1782-1869) - architect
August Borsig (1804-1854) - contractor (material railway)
Carl Friedrich Lessing (1808-1880) - artist
Adolph von Menzel (1815-1915) - artist
Adolf Anderssen (1818-1879) - celebrates player of failures
Gustav Kirchhoff (1824-1887) - physicist
Ferdinand Lassalle (1825-1864) - politicking German Socialist and reformer
Julius von Sachs (1832-1897) - botanist
Siegbert Tarrasch (1862-1934) - champion of failures
Qualities Alzheimer (1864-1915) - discoverer of the Disease of Alzheimer
Alfred Kerr (1867-1948) - critic drama and Essay writer
max Berg (1870-1947) - architect, originator of the Hall of the Centenary of Wrocław
Otfrid Foerster (1873-1941) - neurosurgeon
Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945) - philosopher
Otto Toeplitz (1881-1940) - mathematician
Ludwik Hirszfeld (1884-1954) - Microbiologist, codecouvror of the heredity of the Blood group of the type ABO
Otto Klemperer (1885-1973) - leader
Hugo Steinhaus (1887-1972) - mathematician
Edith Stein (1891-1942) - German philosopher and martyr of the Roman Catholic church
Manfred von Richthofen (1892-1918) - ace of piloting at the time of the First World War: the " red Baron "
Norbert Elias (1897-1990) - sociologist
Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906-1945) - religious, resistant against the Nazism
Karl Schiller (1911-1994) - politician, federal minister
Rudolf Meidner (1914-2005) - Swedish economist and socialist theorist
Tadeusz Różewicz (1921-) - poet and writer
Jerzy Grotowski (1933-1999) - theater director and figurehead of the movement Avant-garde
Cardinal Joachim Meisner (1933-) - cardinal and archbishop of Cologne
Marek Hłasko (1934-1969) - writer
Mirosław Hermaszewski (1941-) - Spationaut Polish
Wanda Rutkiewicz (1943-1992) - one of the most famous women mountaineers
Lech Janerka (1953-) - singer, musician and type-setter

Andrzej Sekula (1954-) - film producer

Nobel Prize

chronological list per years of obtainings

Schools and Universities

List universities and universities of Wrocław:

University of Wrocław ('' Uniwersytet Wrocławski '')
polytechnic University of Wrocław ('' Politechnika Wrocławska '')
Academy of medicine of Wrocław ('' Wrocławska Akademia Medyczna '')
Academy of physical education of Wrocław ('' Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego ''),
Academy of economy Oskar Lange de Wrocław ('' Akademia Ekonomiczna im. Oskara Langego '')
Academy of agronomy of Wroclaw ('' Akademia Rolnicza we Wrocławiu '')
Academy of the fine arts of Wroclaw ('' Akademia Sztuk Pięknych we Wrocławiu '')
Conservatory superior of Music Karol Lipinski de Wrocław ('' Akademia Muzyczna im. Karola Lipińskiego '')
3Ecole Nationale Sup3erieure of theater ( Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Teatralna )
University of officers Tadeusz Kościuszko de Wrocław ('' Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych '')

Private establishments:

Wyższa Szkoła Filologiczna
Dolnośląska Szkoła Wyższa Edukacji TWP

Economy and transport

The city is today the most important economic and administrative center of Low-Silesia and experienced a fast development since the fall of Communism in 1989. One of the main issues in the urban development is always the unemployment which oscillates 12% around (2005).

Principal companies of the city

Volvo Polska sp. Z o.o., Wrocław
Apsys Polska
Siemens, Wrocław
Hewlett Packard, Wrocław
Grupa Lukas, Wrocław
AB SA, Wrocław
Polifarb Cieszyn-Wrocław SA, Wrocław
KOGENERACJA S.A., Wrocław
Impel SA, Wrocław
Europejski Fundusz Leasingowy SA, Wrocław
Telefonia Dialog SA, Wrocław
Wrozamet SA, Wrocław
American Restaurants sp. Z o.o., Wrocław
Hutmen SA, Wrocław
MPEC Wrocław SA, Wrocław
SAP Polska
Hologram Industries Polska

Policy

List mayors of the city:

Friedriech August Carl von Kospoth (1812-1832)
Gottlieb Donatus Menzel (1833-1838)
Gottlieb Karl Lange (1838-1842)
Hermann Julius Pinder (1843-1848)
Alexander Julius Elvanger (1851-1863)
Arthur Heinrich Hobrecht (1863-1872)
max von Forkenbeck (1872-1878)
Ferdinand Julis Ernst Friedensburg (1879-1891)
Georg Bender (1891-1912)
Paul Matting (1912-1919)
Otto Wagner (1919-1933)
Helmut Rebitzky (1933-1934)
Hans Friedriech (1934-1945)
Ernst Leichtenstern (1944-1945)
Bolesław Drobner (1945)
Bolesław Iwaszkiewicz (during the years 1960)
Bogdan Zdrojewski (1990-2001)
Stanisław Huskowski (2001-2002)
Rafał Dutkiewicz (since 2002)

Districts of the city

The town of Wrocław is divided into five districts:

Fabryczna
Krzyki
Psie Pole ( literally: Field of the dogs )
Stare Miasto ( Old woman-city)
Śródmieście ( Downtown area )

Communications

Airport nearest Copernicus de Wrocław ''
Highway A4
Highway A8 (project)

Sport

There exist many professional teams of sport in Wrocław. Most popular being however those of Basketball and Football.

Male professional teams

Bergson Śląsk Wrocław - (in the past: Deichmann Śląsk Wrocław, Idea Śląsk Wrocław, Zepter Idea Śląsk Wrocław, Zepter Śląsk Wrocław, Śląsk ESKA Wrocław, Śląsk Wrocław, CWKS Wrocław) male team of Basketball, account 17 championships of Poland (2006)
WKS Śląsk Wrocław - male team of Football, victorious of the championship in 1977, victorious of the cut in 1976, 1987, victorious of the super-cut of Poland in 1987)
WKS Śląsk Wrocław - male team of Handball
Atlas Wrocław - male team of Speedway
Gwardia Wrocław - male team of Volley ball
Gwardia Wrocław - team of male Boxing
Whodunnit Wrocław - 2nd male team of Football (in 3rd league)
KS Hefra Gwardia Wrocław - male team of Volley ball

Professional teams female

ZEC ESV Gwardia Wrocław - female team of Volley ball
AZS Wrocław - female team of Football
AZS AWF Wrocław - female team of Handball
AZS AE Wrocław - team of female Table tennis

Twinnings

External bonds

Official site of Wrocław
virtual Visit of Plane Wrocław
of the city
Hotel in Wrocław
the Web site of Śląsk Wrocław
Airport of Wrocław
the zoo of Wrocław
Wrocław of today and formerly
Postcards of Wrocław
Photographs of yesterday and today

Sources and references

Microcosm , of Norman Davies and Roger Moorhouse (ISBN 8324001727 - translation of Polish)

Be-X-old: Уроцлаў Simple: Wrocław

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