Whale

The whales are Marine mammals of big size called also karima. They were classified before in the old order of the Cétacé S, to which also the Dauphin S. belonged.

Description

It was believed a long time that the whale was a Poisson. However, Aristote had already observed that it has vent S and not of the Branchie S, which indicates that it has Poumon S. It nurses its small what classifies it like mammal. The whales do not have a continuous breathing, they plunge, sometimes to several hundred meters of depth, to nourish itself and can remain under water more than one hour, but they must however return on the surface to breathe. It is there that before taking again air rich in oxygen, they reject by their vent the foul air and wet their lungs, which forms a small breath which resembles a water jet by far.

There exist approximately 80 species of whales (blue, white, gray, with bump, with nozzle etc), their size differs: the blue whale (or blue fin-back whale) exceeds 30 m length and weighs more than 100 tons (the Cœur of this type of whale, with him only can reach 1 ton) whereas other species have the size of a man.

The scientists divide the whales in two groups: whales with teeth and whales with pennons, pennons being blades corneas (same matter as that of our nails) which make it possible to separate food from water. In only one day, a whale can filter a ton of food which is made up mainly of small plants and of animals called Plancton of which the Krill. Among the whales with teeth, the Cachalot S (largest of the whales with teeth, being able to reach 18m) have a food containing Calmar S, of cuttlefish S and of Pieuvre S. the épaulard S have a varied food, made up of fish, shells and sometimes of other whales. The large whales carry out the longest migrations of all the mammals. In the Northern hemisphere, they leave the Western coasts of Mexico, where they come to spend the winter low, and traverse: 9500 km to ice-cold water of the Arctic.

Threats and measurements

Following an intensive hunting, many species of whales are in the process of disappearance, because they are required for their flesh and them grease. Today, of the international treaties limit in a very strict way the Chasse to the whale, but certain countries, like the Japan and the Norway, calling upon the negative impact of the Cetacea on fish stocks, on which their respective economies depend, continue not to respect moratory successive voted them at the meetings of the Commission international whale-boat (IWC). They drive out species which they say not threatened of extinction, by advancing like justification the scientific research. This argument is disputed by ecologist organizations such as Greenpeace who denounce the fact that these whales find themselves immediately with the menus of the restaurants; they consider that it is about a diversion of the moratorium.

The impact of the Cetacea on their ecosystem is disputed. Indeed, the corpse of the whales is itself at the base of a oceanic Food chain. In other words, their imminent disappearance is likely to amplify an upheaval of the settlement of the oceans by involving the disappearance of many species of Plancton S on which also fish and shellfish depend.

The observation of the whales from the coast or on board especially chartered boats is a tourist activity very appraisal in particular with the Canada and the the United States.

At the 19th century, certain cities of the New England, on the east coast of the United States, depended entirely on hunting for the whale. Today, the whale plays an important cultural part among many people which practiced or still practice traditional hunting, the such Amerindian S of the west coast of Canada, those of the north of the United States and the people Inuit S of the Arctique. This is why certain people Indigenous S living with the the United States, the Canada and in the islands of the Pacifique profit from clauses which enable them to drive out threatened species, but with very small scales.

Anecdotes

  • the novel Moby Dick of Hermann Melville, which describes the medium of the American whalers of the time, is regarded today as a great classic of the American literature. The whale of the novel is inspired by a real Cachalot, Mocha Dick.

  • In certain translations of the Bible, the “large fish” which swallows Jonas is presented like a whale.

Why the whales failed are?

Since the Cétacés follow the lines of the Terrestrial magnetic field during their displacements, and that this one can be affected by Tempête S or anomalies in certain areas where the curves of the magnetic level cut the side to right angle, they sink then towards the coast while being persuaded to skirt it. If the leader of a " group; the tête" loses; , it is all the group which is in danger.

One evokes also the waves of the Sonar S used by the army which would deteriorate the system of echolocation of the whale.

Various species of whales

  • Whales with teeth (Odontocète S):

    • Cachalot
    • Whale with nozzle
    • Orc, épaulard or tueuse whale
    • Beluga or white whale

Images

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