Victoria of the United Kingdom

Birth

From its complete name Alexandrina Victoria of Hanover , Victoria is born the May 24th 1819 with the Palais from Kensington to London. His/her father, the prince Edward Augustus, duke of Kent and Strathearn, is the fourth wire of the king George III and the duchess Charlotte de Mecklembourg-Strelitz. His/her mother, the princess Viktoria of Saxony-Cobourg-Saalfeld, is the girl of the duke François of Saxony-Cobourg-Saalfeld and of the countess Augusta d' Ebersdorf.

She is baptized the June 24th 1819 with the Palais of Kensington by the Archevêque of Canterbury. Its godfather is the tsar Alexandre Ier of Russia, in the honor of which it accepted its first name. Its godmothers are her aunt the princess Charlotte and her grandmother Augusta d' Ebersdorf. Although its first name of baptism is Alexandrina Victoria, she is officially recognized as being the Victoria princess. Its family, as for it, calls it Drina .

Childhood

The father of the princess Victoria, the duke of Kent, dies of a Pneumonie the January 23rd 1820, whereas it is old only one year. His/her grandfather, the king George III, blind man and demented person, dies less than one week later, the January 29th. His/her uncle, the Prince regent, inherits the crown, becoming thus king under the name of George IV. Although Victoria is well placed in the line of succession, one speaks to him during his first years only German, the first language of his mother and of his controlling. But as soon as it reaches the three years age, it continues its schooling in English. She also learns how to speak Italian, Greek, Latin and French. Its professors are the reverend Davys and the Lehzen baroness.

She is eleven years old when her uncle the king George IV dies without child the June 26th 1830, leaving the throne to her brother, the duke of Clarence and St Andrews who becomes king under the name of Guillaume IV. As the new king does not have a legitimate child having survived, the young Victoria princess becomes the presumptive heiress with the throne. As the law then does not envisage any special provision for a monarch in low age, Victoria would have had the right to reign like an adult. To prevent such a scenario, the Parlement vote the Loi of regency of 1831 , according to which the mother of Victoria, would take, if necessary, the function of regent during the minority of the queen. Not knowing a precedent, the Parliament does not create a council to limit the capacities of the regent.

The Victoria princess is sixteen years old when it meets her husband-to-be, the prince Albert of Saxony-Cobourg-Gotha. Prince Albert is actually his first cousin; the father of Albert, the duke Ernest Ier of Saxony-Cobourg-Gotha is indeed the brother of the mother of Victoria. The uncle of the princess Victoria, the king Guillaume IV, disapproves the union, but its objections do not succeed in dissuading the couple. Many historians suggested that prince Albert was not in love with the Victoria young person and that it entered in relation to her on the one hand to gain a social status (it was only one small German prince) and on the other hand by direction of the duty (its family wished the union). Whatever were the reasons which pushed prince Albert to marry Victoria, their marriage appeared extremely happy.

Accession

Guillaume IV dies at the age of soixante-douze years, the June 20th 1837, leaving the throne to Victoria. As the young queen has just been eighteen years old, a regency is not necessary. But, according to the Salic law, a woman cannot reign on the Kingdom of Hanover, a State which divides its monarch with the Great Britain since 1714. Hanover thus does not return to Victoria, but to her uncle, prince Ernest Auguste, duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, which becomes king under the name of Ernest-Auguste I {{er}}. As the young queen is still unmarried and without child, Ernest-Auguste Ier is also the heir apparent to the British throne.

When Victoria reaches the throne, the government is controlled by the party Whig, which holds the capacity since 1830, except for some interruptions. The Prime Minister, Lord Melbourne, becomes immediately an influential personality in the life of the queen, who lack of experience political and which awaits her opinion on many decisions so much so that some call even Victoria Mrs. Melbourne .

The queen is crowned the June 28th 1838. Later, she declared: “… the moment when the crown was posed on my head… was, I must admit it, of most splendid and most impressive which is”.

The Melbourne government cannot remain a long time with the businesses; it becomes more unpopular and must face difficulties related to the administration of the British colonies. With the Canada, the United Kingdom is confronted with an insurrection and in Jamaica, the colonial assembly protests against the British policy and refuses to vote certain laws. In 1839, incompetent to manage the foreign politics, the government of Lord Melbourne resigns.

The queen charges Sir Peel, a Tory, to form a new government. Then, bursts a known politico-diplomatic crisis under the name of Crise of the room to lay down . At the time, it is of use that it is the Prime Minister who names the Ladies of the Queen of the Room to be laid down. This employment is traditionally granted to women whose husbands belong to the party in power. Many Ladies of the Queen of the Room to be slept are wives of Whigs, but Sir Peel wishes to replace them by wives of Tories. Victoria opposes this replacement firmly because she more regards these ladies as friends close that like members to a protocolar institution. Sir Peel estimates that it cannot control under the diktats of the queen and resigns, thus making it possible Lord Melbourne to return to the businesses.

Marriage

The queen marries the prince Albert of Saxony-Cobourg-Gotha the February 10th 1840 in the royal vault of the palate St James; four days earlier, Victoria granted to her husband-to-be the title of royal highness . Prince Albert is commonly known like the Prince Consort , although it obtains officially this title only in 1857. One however never granted Pairie to him.

The queen is quickly pregnant. During its Pregnancy, a eighteen year old young man, Edward Oxford, tries to assassinate the queen while it goes in a car with prince Albert to London. Oxford draws twice, but the two balls miss their target. He is considered for high treason, but is discharged after being recognized insane. Many are those which wondered about its gesture; Oxford can have simply sought notoriety. Much suggested that a conspiracy chartist was behind the attempted murder; others allotted the plot to sympathizers of the heir apparent, king Ernest-Auguste Ier of Hanover. These suspicions of conspiracy cause in the country a wave of patriotism and honesty.

The attack does not have any effect on health of the queen or its pregnancy. The first child of the royal couple, called Victoria, is born the November 21st 1840. Eight other children were born during the prolific and happy marriage from Victoria and Albert. Prince Albert is not only the companion of the queen, but it is also an important political adviser, substitute Lord Melbourne like appears dominant in its life. Having found a partner, Victoria does not count any more on the wives of Whigs for her company. Thus, when Whigs of Lord Melbourne lose the elections of 1841 and are replaced by Tories de Sir Peel, the Crise of the room to lay down is not repeated. Continuous Victoria to correspond secretly with Lord Melbourne, whose influence, however, decreases as that of prince Albert grows.

The June 13rd 1842, Victoria makes its first voyage by the Train, travelling from the station of Slough (close to the Château of Windsor) in Bishop' S Bridge, close to Paddington (with London), in a special royal car provided by the Great Western Railway . Her husband and the engineer of the Great Western Railway , Isambard Brunel, accompanies it.

In 1842, the queen is the target of three attempted murders. Prince Albert estimates that these new attempts were encouraged by the payment of Oxford in 1840. The May 29th 1842 with St James' Park, John Francis (seeking extremely probably to gain a certain notoriety) car with the Gun on the queen (then in car), but it is immediately seized by William Trounce. He is condemned for high treason, but its death sentence is commuted to detention with life. The July 3rd, another young man, John William Bean, car on the queen. Although its rifle was charged only with paper and tobacco, its crime remains liable to the Capital punishment. Considering such a sorrow too hard, prince Albert encourages the Parliament to vote a law, according to which to point a firearm towards the queen, to strike it, launch an object or exhiber its involved to him a firearm or very other arms dangerous with the intention to threaten it, is liable to a seven years imprisonment and Flagellation. Bean is thus condemned to eighteen months of prison. However neither him, nor no justiciable were never whipped for a similar offense.

Children

Ireland

The young Victoria queen falls in love with the Ireland and chooses to spend her holidays to Killarney, in the Comté of Kerry, which it makes one of the tourist sites more in vogue of the 19th century. In answer to its passion for this island, the Irishmen dedicate initially a cordial respect to him. But, in 1845, Ireland is struck by an epidemic of Mildiou which strikes potato harvests, which, in addition to four years, costs the life more than one half-million of Irishman and who causes the emigration of a million others. In answer so that one will call the Grande famine of the potato (in Irish: Year Gorta Mór ), the queen offers 5.000 £ on her personal cassette and is implied in various organizations of fight against the Famine. Whereas one must especially make take the responsibility for the aggravation of the famine to Ireland to the policy of the Russell government, this one is reproached the queen who loses her popularity there. For the republicans extremists, Victoria becomes the Reine of the Famine . Rumors run even in the republican mediums on the indigence of its contribution to the fight against the famine (5 £).

The first official visit of Victoria in Ireland, in 1849, is organized personally by Lord Clarendon, representative of the Crown in Ireland, i.e. chief of the British administration in the island. Its goal is to try at the same time to attract, thanks to the presence of the queen, the attention of the public on the famine, but also to alert the British politicians on the extent of the crisis in Ireland. In spite of the negative impact of the famine on the popularity of the queen, this one still enjoys a certain regard near the nationalists; indeed their meetings always end in the anthem of the God Save the Queen . However during the years 1870 and 1880, the respect for monarchy decrease considerably in Ireland, partly following the decision of Victoria to cancel her visit on the island. Indeed, the Corporation of Dublin refuses to congratulate his/her son, the Prince de Galles, initially at the time of its marriage with the princess Alexandra of Denmark in 1863, then at the time of the birth of his/her son the prince Albert Victor of Wales in 1864.

Victoria resists the pressure repeated of several of her Prime Ministers, the Lords lieutenants and even of family members royal, advising to him to establish a royal residence in Ireland. In its memories in 1930, which it entitled Ireland: easily deceived or heroin? , Lord Midleton, old directing unionistic Irish party, described this refusal like disastrous for monarchy and the British administration in Ireland.

Victoria organizes her last visit in Ireland in 1900, to invite the Irishmen to enlist in the British army to fight in the Guerre of Boers. The nationalist opposition to this visit is carried out by Arthur Griffith, which founds an organization called Cumann Na nGaedheal . Five years later, Griffith uses the contacts which it established at the time of this countryside to form a new political movement, the Sinn Féin.

Policy

Years 1840

As a sign of Harmony between England and France, the Victoria queen remains twice in the king Louis-Philippe Ier, in her castle of Have, in Normandy, during the years 1843 and 1845, while the king of the French visits to sovereign the British to the Château of Windsor in 1844. The government of Sir Robert Peel must face a crisis in connection with the abrogation of the laws on cereals. Much Tories is opposed to its abrogation, while some of them (the peeliens ) as well as the majority of Whigs support the project. The law is finally repealed and Sir Peel resigns in 1846. It is replaced by Lord Russell. Although it is whig, the queen does not appreciate her government. In particular, the Foreign Minister, Lord Palmerston, often act without consulting neither the cabinet, neither the Prime Minister, nor the queen, and that appears with the queen like an inadmissible insolence. In 1849, the queen complains some near Lord Russell, by announcing that Lord Palmerston sent official missives to foreign Heads of State without to have informed some. It renews its complaint in 1850, but always without success. Lord Palmerston leaves finally the government only in 1851: he, inter alia, had approved in the name of the British government the coup d'etat of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, without to have consulted the Prime Minister beforehand.

The period during which Lord Russell is Prime Minister is painful for Victoria. In 1849, William Hamilton, a dissatisfied Irishman with unemployment tries to be caught some with it while trying to put fire at its car using a gun filled with powder. Hamilton is judged according to the law of 1842. He pleads guilty and receives the seven years maximum sentence of imprisonment. In 1850, the queen is attacked by a former probably alienated soldier, Robert Pate. Whereas Victoria gets into a car, Pate striking with its cane and wounds it. Paste will be him also judged; not having succeeded in proving its madness, it receives the same sentence as Hamilton.

Years 1850

In 1851, the first World Fair, Great Exhibition off the Works off Industry off All Nations , is organized with the Crystal De luxe hotel. Orchestrated by prince Albert, the exposure officially is inaugurated by the queen on May 1st. In spite of fears of some, it gains a very great success. The receipts allow the maintenance of the South Kensington Museum.

The ministry of Lord Russell crumbles in 1852, when the Whig Prime Minister is replaced by Tory, Lord Derby. Lord Derby does not remain a long time with the capacity, because it cannot preserve majority at the Parliament and it must resign less than one year after being arrived at the businesses. Victoria then seeks to put an end to this period weak governments. The queen as her husband highly encourage the formation of a coalition between Whigs and Tories peeliens. Such a government is actually formed, under the aegis of Lord Aberdeen.

One of the most important acts of the new government is to insert the United Kingdom in the Crimean War in 1854, at the sides of the France and the Ottoman Empire, against the Russia. Immediately before the entry of the United Kingdom, of the rumors according to which the queen and prince Albert would prefer alliance with the Russia start the popularity of the royal couple. However, Victoria publicly takes the party of the troops engaged at the side of the Ottoman Empire. At the end of the war, it creates even the Victoria Cross, a decoration rewarding bravery at the time of the engagements.

Its very criticized management of the Crimean War pushes Lord Aberdeen to resign in 1855. It is replaced by Lord Palmerston, with whom the queen reconciled himself. Lord Palmerston must leave his functions because of his unpopularity due to the way in which it led the Second War of Opium, in 1857. He is replaced by Lord Derby. Under the administration of Lord Derby the Révolte of Cipayes directed against the domination of the English Compagnie of the Eastern Indies bursts on the India. After the crushing of the rebellion, the India is subjected to the direct management of the Crown, but the title of Impératrice of the Indies is founded only later. The second government of Lord Derby does not do better than the first; it falls in 1859, making it possible Lord Palmerston to return to the capacity.

Years 1860

The death of Prince Consort the December 14th 1861 deeply assigns the queen who takes mourning, gets dressed with black and avoids public appearances and the visits inside London. Its insulation is worth to him the nickname of Veuve of Windsor . It reproaches her son, the prince Edouard, prince de Galles his frivolity as well as the death of her father.

On the other hand, Victoria entrusts more and more to a Scottish servant , John Brown, so much so that a connection and even a secret marriage are suspected. A diary recently discovered would be the confession with the article of died of the private chaplain of the queen and would insinuate that this one would have governed the secret marriage of Victoria and John Brown. But of many historians feel reluctant to grant credit to this document. However, at the request of the Victoria queen two objects were placed, at its sides in its coffin: one of the dressing gowns of Albert and in his left hand a portrait and a wick of hair of Brown. Following these rumors of connection and marriage, some gave to Victoria the nickname Mrs. Brown .

During this time, the insulation of Victoria and its distance of the public stage contribute to make fall the popularity of monarchy and to support the republican movement. The queen achieves however with serious her official duties but it does not take an active part any more in the government of the kingdom, being isolated in its royal residences from Balmoral in Scotland and from Osborne in the Île from Wight. It is for this period that is voted by the Parlement, the most important law of the 19th century: the Law of Reform of 1867 of the electoral system. Lord Palmerston is vigorously opposite there. With its death in 1865, it is replaced by Lord Russel, then by Lord Derby and it is under the latter government that the law of Reform is voted.

Years 1870

Preserving the Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli takes his load in 1868; it proves to be the Prime Minister preferred of Victoria. However, its government resists little of time and William Gladstone replaces it. Member of the Liberal party (thus the coalition whigs-peeliens was called), it is in dissension as well with Victoria as with Disraeli. This one has the feeling, as she said to the occasion, that when he addresses himself to her, he makes it as if he addressed himself to political militants. It is under the government of Gladstone, with the beginning of the year 1870, that the queen starts to leave little by little her mourning and her insulation. Encouraged by its entourage, it more often intervenes.

In 1872, Victoria undergoes her sixth aggression with firearm. Whereas it gets out of car, a seventeen year old Irishman, Arthur O' Connor, precipitates towards it, a gun in a hand and a petition for the release of the Irish prisoners in the other. The weapon is not charged; the goal of the young man is most probably to make fear with Victoria so that it accepts the petition. John Brown, who is beside the queen, plates the boy on the ground before even as Victoria could see the gun; he is decorated with a gold medal for his bravery. O' Connor is condemned to the deportation and with the corporal punishment, as envisaged by the law of 1842, but Victoria grants her grace for the second part of the sentence.

Disraeli returns to the capacity in 1874, at one moment when the fiber colonialist is born in the kingdom, shared feeling by the new Prime Minister and the queen, as by much in Europe. In 1876, encouraged by Disraeli, the queen takes the title of Impératrice of Indes' , title officially recognized by the Loi on the royal titles ( Royal Titles Act ) of 1876. Victoria rewards its Prime Minister by doing it Count de Beaconsfield .

Years 1880

In 1880 the liberal gain the general elections and the government of Lord Beaconsfield resigns. As Gladstone left the direction of the liberal four years earlier, the queen invites Lord Hartington, the chief of the liberal to the House of Commons, to form a government. But Lord Hartington refuses, by affirming that a liberal government cannot work without Gladstone and that him, Hartington, would not be useful in any government which is not directed by him. Victoria yields and appoints Gladstone Prime Minister.

The seventh and last attack against the life of Victoria occur in 1882. Insane a Scottish, Roderick Maclean, car a ball in direction of the queen, then sat in her car, but misses it. Since 1842, each individual who tried to attack the queen was considered to be for incartade (punishable seven years of forced labors), but Maclean is judged for high treason (liable to the capital punishment). He is discharged, having been considered to be irresponsible and is locked up in a asylum. Victoria expresses her great contrariety with respect to the verdict “not culprit, but demented person” , and encourages the introduction of guilty verdict the “, but demented person” the following year.

The conflicts of Victoria with Gladstone continue. She is forced to accept the electoral reforms which he proposes, by including Representation off the People Act of 1884, which increases considerably the size of the electorate. The government of Gladstone is replaced in 1885, by the conservative government of Lord Salisbury, but Gladstone returns to the capacity in 1886 and presents the Irish Home Rule Bill , which proposes a room separated for Ireland. Victoria opposes it, asserting that would sap the British Empire. When the bill is rejected by the House of Lords, Gladstone resigns, and Victoria appoints Lord Salisbury Prime Minister.

Years 1890

In 1887, the United Kingdom celebrates the Jubilé of Victoria, i.e. the fiftieth birthday of its accession to the throne. The queen marks the event the June 20th 1887 by a banquet, to which fifty European kings and princes are invited. The following day, it takes part in a procession which, according to Mark Twain, “extended as far as the eye can see in the two directions” . At the time, Victoria is an extremely popular monarch. The scandal of its relations supposed with its servant calmed down after the death of John Brown in 1883, making it possible the queen to be perceived like a symbol of morality.

Victoria is forced to support a government of Guillaume Gladstone once again, in 1892. After the last defeat of its law the Irish Home Rule Bill , it takes its retirement in 1894, to be replaced by Lord Rosebery, a liberal colonialist. Lord Rosebery, in 1895 Lord Salisbury succeeds, which remains with the capacity until the end of the reign of Victoria.

Old age

The September 22nd 1896, Victoria becomes the monarch of the English history , Scottish, or British having reigned longest, exceeding the " record" prisoner until now by George III. In accordance with the request of the queen, all the special public celebrations of the event are delayed until 1897, for the sixtieth birthday of its accession to the throne. The Minister for the Colonies, Joseph Chamberlain, proposes that the Jubilee becomes a festival of the British Empire. Thus, the Prime Ministers of all the autonomous colonies are invited with their family. The procession to which the queen assists comprises troops resulting from each British colony and dependences, as well as soldiers sent by the Indian princes and chiefs (who are the vassal ones of Victoria, Impératrice of the Indies). The celebration of the sixtieth birthday is an occasion marked by great overflows of affection towards a queen septuagénaire, then nailed in a Wheel chair.

During the last years of Victoria, the United Kingdom is implied in the Guerre of Boers, which received the enthusiastic support of the queen. The personal life of Victoria is marked by many personal tragedies, of which the death of his/her son, the prince Alfred, duke of Saxony-Cobourg-Gotha, the fatal disease of her daughter, the empress German dowager Victoria, royal princess and the death of two of its grandsons. Its last official public appearance takes place in 1899, when it poses the first stone of the new buildings of the South Kensington Museum, become Victoria and Albert Museum.

Death and end of the House of Hanover

According to the practice which it respects since the beginning of its widowhood, Victoria passes Christmas to Osborne House (that prince Albert drew itself), on the Island of Wight. She dies there the January 22nd 1901, having reigned sixty-three years, seven months and two days, i.e. more than any British monarch before or since. Its funeral takes place the February 2nd; after two days of solemn exposure, its skin is buried in the Frogmore Mausoleum, with Windsor, the side of that of her husband.

Victoria succeeds her oldest son, the prince Edouard, prince de Galles, which reigns under the name of Edouard VII. The death of Victoria sounds, in the United Kingdom, the end of the Maison of Hanover, a branch of the Maison of Este; Edouard VII, like his father prince Albert, belongs to the Maison of Saxony-Cobourg-and-Gotha, a branch of the Maison of Wettin. The son and successor of Edouard VII, the king George V, change the name of the royal House into Maison of Windsor during the First World War (1917), because the name Saxony-Cobourg-Gotha is associated with the enemy of the United Kingdom, namely the Germany, directed however by one of the grandsons of Victoria, Guillaume II. It is besides to note that two other German sovereigns of this period are also of the grandsons of Victoria: the large-duke of Hesse, brother of the tsarina and the duke of Saxony-Cobourg-Gotha.

Heritage

The Victoria queen was the first British monarch of the modern time. Whereas its predecessors had been able to play an active role in the government of the country, a series of reforms increased the capacity of the House of Commons to the costs of that of the Monarchie and the Lords, leading the monarch to a role plus symbolic system. As from the reign of Victoria, the queen or the king had, according to the aphorism of Bagehot of Walter, “the right to be consulted, the right to advise and the right to warn. ”

The monarchy of Victoria became more symbolic system than political, with an accent related to the family morality and values victoriennes, in opposition to the sex cases and with the accounting scandals which had been associated to the preceding members Maison of Hanover and who had discredited monarchy. The reign of Victoria sees the creation of the concept of family monarchy to which the middle-classes incipient can be identified.

On the international plan, Victoria was a major figure, not only by the image which it incarnates or by the influence of the the United Kingdom on the Empire, but by the family ties which it knew to weave with the royal families of Europe, thus being worth to him the affectionate nickname of grandmother of Europe . One can quote for example the fact that three of the principal monarchs of the countries implied in the First World War were, either grandsons of Victoria, or of the husbands of small-girls of Victoria. Eights of the nine children of Victoria married members of European royal families and the ninth married a Scottish duke, first governor of the Canada.

Victoria transmitted to her descent gene of the Hémophilie, but one does not know how she inherited it. She could acquire it following a change of Sperme, her father having fifty-two years when Victoria was designed. One as said as the prince Edward Augustus, duke of Kent and Strathearn was not the biological father of Victoria, and than it was in fact the girl of the Irish private secretary and lover of his mother, Sir Conroy. If one has well some evidence of a relation between the princess Viktoria of Saxony-Cobourg-Saalfeld and Sir Conroy (Victoria itself told with the duke Wellington to have attended an incident between them), the medical history of Sir Conroy does not reveal any trace of Hémophilie in its family, which should have been the case if it had had to transmit gene. It is much more probable than the disease was transmitted to him by his/her mother, although there no was known case of Hémophilie in its maternal family. She did not suffer from the disease, but transmitted it to at least three his/her children. The most famous victim of Hémophilie in its descent was its back grandson, the tsarévitch Alexei of Russia.

In 2004, the European monarchs and former downward monarchs of Victoria are: the queen Elisabeth II of the United Kingdom, the king Harald V of Norway, the king Charles XVI Gustave of Sweden, the queen Marguerite II of Denmark, the king Jean-Charles Ier of Spain, the king Constantin Ier of Hellènes (détrôné) and the king Michel Ier of Romania (détrôné). The applicants with the thrones of Serbia, of Russia, Prussia and Germany, Saxony-Cobourg-Gotha, Hanover, Hesse and Bade are also its descendants.

The Victoria queen was unpopular during the first years of her widowhood, but it returned in the heart of its subjects, during the decade 1880-1890. In 2002, a survey organized by BBC related to the hundred Britanniques regarded as largest, Victoria arrived in eighteenth position.

Among the innovations of the era victorienne, one can quote the postal stamps, of which the first, the Penny Black (emitted in 1840), presents an image of the queen, and the Railroad, which Victoria was the first sovereign British to be taken.

In the world, several places or sites were named in the honor of the Victoria queen, namely:

the State of Victoria, a state of Australia.
the Island Victoria, the second larger island of the Canada.
the town of Victoria, capital of the Colombia-British, with the Canada.
the town of Regina, capital of the Saskatchewan, with the Canada.
the town of Victoria, capital of the Seychelles.
the Lake Victoria, plus big lake of Africa.
the Falls Victoria, greater water falls of the World.
the Bridge Victoria with Montreal, the Canada.

The Victoria queen remains the British monarch whose memory is most present. Many statues representing it are set up through all the empire, among which:

Victoria Memorial, located outside the Palate of Buckingham, set up ten years after its death at the time of the restoration of the frontage of the Palate.
the Statue which was on Kildare Street opposite Leinster House to Dublin (seat of the Royal Company of Dublin), carved by the Irish John Hughes and inaugurated by Edouard VII. In 1924, two years after being rented for parliamentary activities, the building is bought and becomes the official seat of Oireachtas Eireann , the Parliament of the free State of Ireland. During years, voices rose with the idea to see a statue of Victoria, known in a not very flattering way by the Irish republicans like the Reine of the Famine , trôner opposite the Parliament of Ireland. This is why the statue is removed in 1947. After years of lapse of memory, the statue is offered by the Irish Republic to the Australia in the years 1980 and is now, since the December 20th 1987, in front of Queen Victoria Building, in the center of Sydney.

Titles

Partial

1819 - 1837: Its Royal Highness the princess Victoria de Kent
1837 - 1901: Its Majesty the queen
1876 - 1901: Its Imperial Majesty the queen-empress (occasionally)

Complete

1837 - 1876: Victoria, by the Grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Defender of the Faith.
1876 - 1901: Victoria, by the Grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of the Indies, Defender of the Faith.

As a member of the House of Hanover, it was also princess of Hanover and Duchesse of Brunswick and Lunenbourg throughout its life.

Anecdotes

Victoria Maria in white and launched the fashion of the white dress thus. Previously, the bride wore dresses which did not have a particular color.
It became grandmother at the age of thirty-nine years and great-grandmother at the fifty-nine years age.
In the order of succession with the British throne, the first 510 people listed goes down from Victoria.
It survived three of his/her nine children.
Victoria became the first queen of the Canada and the first queen of Australia, when these two territories became British Dominions, respectively in 1867 and 1901.
Victoria died in the arms of its first grandson, the emperor Guillaume II of Germany
In March 2006, two back-small-children of Victoria still live: the prince Carl Johan of Sweden and Lady Katherine Brandam.

See too

Victoria Cross-country race
Penny Black
Architecture victorienne
Hemophilia
Descent of Victoria Anger of the United Kingdom

External bonds

http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/actualites/celebrations2001/victoria.htm
http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page118.asp
http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon58.html

Simple: Victoria off the United Kingdom Zh-classical: 英王維多利亞

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