Victor-Emmanuel Ier of Sardinia
Victor-Emmanuel Ier of Savoy , born with Turin the July 27th 1759, died with Moncalieri the January 10th 1824, was king de Sardaigne, prince de Piémont and duke of Savoy of 1802 with 1821. It was wire of Victor Amédée III, king de Sardaigne, prince de Piémont and duke of Savoy, and Marie Antoinette of Spain.
He was initially duke of Aoste about 1780, marquis de Rivoli in 1792, marquis de Pianezza in 1793 and crown prince to Sardinia of 1796 to 1802. With this date, it succeeded his brother Charles-Emmanuel IV which had abdicated to enter the Orders. Since 1796, the conquests of the French revolutionary armies had reduced the Royaume of Sardinia to its insular part. Victor-Emmanuel Ier recovered the continental part (Piedmont and Savoy) in 1814, with the disappearance of the Empire of Napoleon i and accepted the territory of the late republic of Genoa to the Congrès of Vienna in 1815.
Favorable to the Treated of Vienna, he deeply undertakes a policy Réactionnaire and hostile with the democratic, revolutionary ideas and with the Empire Napoléonien, which he regarded as a " treason of the faith of its ancêtres".
As of the shortly after its arrival with Turin, it made publish an edict abolishing all the laws published since the royal constitutions of 1770, revised the court orders, restored the institutions disappeared since the beginning from the century, the system of castes, re-elected the former royal civils servant, restores the privileges, the Dîme, the system of Majorat, gave again with the nobility its place in the army and restores the feudal rights, the right of Mainmorte, and the religious censure (May 14th, 1814).
Its relentless resentment towards the Napoleonean usurpation led it to undertake the destruction of the road of the Mount-Cenis and the bridge on the Po, both built by the ex viceroy of Italy Eugene de Beauharnais, wire adoptive of the Emperor.
Threatened by a revolutionary insurection in 1821, he preferred to abdicate rather than to grant a constitution. His/her brother Charles-Felix succeeded to him.
He had married the April 25th 1789 the archduchess Marie-Therese of Austria-Este (1773-1832), girl of Ferdinand of Austria-Este, and Marie-Beatrice d' Este. They had:
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Marie Beatrice (1792 † 1840), married in 1812 with his/her uncle François IV of Modena (1779 † 1846), archduke of Austria-Este and duke of Modena
- Marie Adelaide (1794 † 1802)
- Charles Emmanuel (1796 † 1799), Prince de Piémont
- a girl (1800 † 1801)
- Marie-Therese of Savoy (1803 † 1879), married in 1820 with Charles II of Bourbon-Parma (1799 † 1883), duke of Parma
- Marie Anne (1803 † 1884), married in 1831 with Ferdinand Ier of Austria (1793 † 1875), emperor of Austria
- Marie Christine (1812 † 1836), married in 1832 with Ferdinand II (1810 † 1859), king of Deux-Siciles
In 1824, prince Victor-Emmanuel Ier, on the councils of Champollion, bought the collection the Egyptian sculptures of the French consul in Cairo Bernardino Drovetti which accumulated Antiquities since 1802. After having proposed the sale of its collection in 1818 for Louvre with the king Louis XVIII which refused it clearly (too excessive price according to him), Drovetti sold it prince de Piémont and it is thanks to this collection that Turin will create its Egyptian Museum (http://www.museoegizio.org/).
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Sardaigne, claim on Cyprus and Jerusalem, Genoa, Piedmont and Savoie
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