Veauville-the-which

Veauville-the-Which is a common French, located in the department of the Seine-Maritime and the area High-Normandy.

Geography

Common of the country of Caux

History

WIAUVILLES THAT DICITUR the WILLAME Of STOPOVERS, listed in 1235, is with the last census a commune of 103 inhabitants (580 in 1851) out of 321 ha with 125 meters of altitude, with 49°44' 40 of Northern Latitude and 0°42' 34 of Longitude Is, in Caux Maritime.

VEAUVILLE: “The FIELD OF WIFEL” of Latin villa rural field preceded by the name of the Anglo-Saxon or Scandinavian person. WHICH: “STOPOVERS” nickname coming from the tightenings made in form of scale posed in the fields to regulate the access of them. The Pays of Caux is a vast plate of the higher cretaceous covered uniformly with clay-with-flints and fertile silts, associating intensive culture and bovine breeding. The Country of Caux is completed on the sea by high chalky cliffs indented by the “breaches” (estuaries of the coastal rivers) or the “small dry valleys” (suspended dry valleys). These natural walls, of which the height borders sometimes a hundred meters, continue to fascinate the scientists. These cliffs are a large book open on the eighty million years which worked them. Because the Côte of Alabaster, which owes its name with the white color of its cliffs, was born under the sea, well before the appearance of the dinosaurs, an accumulation of microscopic algae limestones called cocolithes. Mingled with layers with flint, these cocolithes forms the layers of our cliffs, now carved by erosion. The littoral has specific plants, often badly known of the general public, but which were spread throughout the world with the wire of the centuries. The ancestor of cauliflower and Brussels sprout, Brassica oleracea, are for example a species which colonizes the chalky substrates of the littoral cauchois. In the same way, all the varieties of beets derive from the maritime beet which pushes with the foot of cliffs; the carrot, celery and the sorrel find, them also, their origins on our coasts. Located on an axis of migration, the alabaster Coast also accommodates many species of birds attracted by the cavities of cliffs, favourable with the nesting.

The department presents very varied landscapes, reflections of geographical diversity. The “hovel” is an essential component of the landscape cauchois: left opened court, of rectangular plan, the hovel surrounds the farm and the farm buildings agricultural; supplemented apple trees, broadside of “ditches” (slope) and of a double line of trees (of the beeches in general) which gives the appearance of a country semi-of the woodlands.

The village it is the moral meeting of farms and isolated hamlets. There, the farms or smallholdings are composed uniformly of a square enclosure, furnished with ditches or rather with planted cuttings off of a double row of trees of high-grove. In this strengthened enclosure, on various points, initially the dwelling of the farmer and his people, the house of the Master rise “villa urbana”, then the sheep-folds, the cattle sheds and the stables, the residence of the animals, “villa rustica” finally on other points the furnace, the barns and the cart-shed, “villa agraria” or “fructuosa”. In a word it is the system of the Romans which covered this country of “villas”, of which we find the ruins everywhere. It is this kind of construction, whose existence remained in this country at the periods mérovingienne and Carolingian, which was cause that at the time Norman or capétienne, the greatest number of our villages took the name of “cities on our premises” so widespread termination, that there is not in France only one province which has some as much as the country of Caux. Undoubtedly it is not that here the name of “city” or “villa” is Roman; not less of the world; it is Romance. It belongs to the low Latinity of X° and the XI° century, and it was combined with a name of man of these times. In each village, the house of Tisserand adapts to the needs for the trade: luminosity and room of work (“room with hiding”). Until the beginning of the XIXe century, weaving is practiced in residence. The tisserands manufactured fabrics starting from the cultures of the plate and the breeding of the valley. The flax was steeped then scutched or swingled with the Flemish mill. The trade, often installed at the bottom of the large part of the thatched cottage, with dimensions north, was lit by “glass casings”, small panes embedded between the doves and sealed with cob. Paddle with the last gleams of the day, the tisserands operated the shuttles, sitted on a plank of wood posed on the amounts of the trade. These weaving looms rustic were very often manufactured by the local carpenters. Little by little these tisserands emigrated towards the industrialized valleys; the spinning mills and factories of weaving replaced the trades which disappeared definitively about 1935.

The end products were carried to collectors with Anvéville, Envronville, Beuzeville… which delivered fabrics in the close big cities even the frontier countries such as Germany. In return the traders placed the following orders and provided the wire hanks necessary because the factories had already replaced the ropemaking machines in residence.

The shuttles used in the thatched cottages were often out of boxwood, the eyelets and other metal parts out of iron. When the shuttles were damaged, the tisserands made them repair. One grafted there small parts of the same wood to make them again usable.

One wove siamoiseries or Siamese, fabrics whose screen was in chains Coton and it in flax, of the handkerchiefs, cloths for the beds, the burnous…

VEAUVILLE WHICH are in the middle of one of the first culture and cattle-rearing areas of France since the XIX° S. the famous milch cows côtoient the fields of corn, sugar beets and flax, a local speciality. This is why between 1910 and the 1950 many mills of the valley of Durdent had been reconverted into the stripping of the flax; of old furnaces given up today, were used to steep the flax artificially, i.e. to isolate textile fibers from the remainder of the plant.

The valley of Durdent was with the XIX° century very active, commercial and industrial since in 1870, he was asked for the construction of a railway line Yvetot - Cany according to the valley. It is another layout between Beuzeville-the-Attic and Fécamp which was retained by the railway administration. The “usiniers” of the valley were obliged to carry their products or to withdraw the goods at the station known as of Grainville-la-Teinturière or that of Cany.

The area allows splendid excursions and offers superb panoramas: white cliffs openings of caves, green slopes, rocks with the strange forms and the deep forests composing a particularly majestic landscape where roe-deers wander, wild boars, squirrels. The Pays of Caux, at the time Gallic, was populated by various tribes, Calètes, which, into 56 before J-C, opposed a low resistance to the Roman troops of Sabinus, lieutenant of César. Integrated into the second Lyons one with Rouen for capital, the area benefitted from the “pax romana”.

Héricourt was the first baptismal fountain of Calètes. Frequently invaded by the barbarians, the area was the place of superstitious practices, pagan traditions, druidic and Scandinavian beliefs. The wizards, the fairies, the wolves-garous, the goblins and the Bayard horse a long time had here credit and the old men tell that the old river of Saint-Valéry, exit of the slopes of Néville, was stopped with wool balls, because it was the object of a worship idolatric. Christianity developed as of the 4° century, thanks to Saint Victrice, companion of Martin Saint.

Under the Mérovingiens, the country was incorporated in Neustrie.

With the 9° century, it was devastated by the Norman invaders, these men of north who were called themselves the Vikings. After having walked on Paris, their chief Rollon accepted into 911 by the treaty of Saint-Clearly-on-Epte the diocese of Rouen, Évreux and Lisieux of King de France, constitutive of the Duchy of Normandy.

In 1066, with the assistance of Norman barons, the Duke of Normandy Guillaume left to conquer England. Consequently, the confrontation between the king of France and the king of England, Duke of Normandy, became inevitable and, in 1204, Philippe Auguste benefitted from division between wire of Henri II Plantagenêt to take again Normandy and to annex it to the crown.

March 19th, 1315, Louis Hutin promulga a “charter with Norman”, symbol of the unit of Normandy, that the registers of grievances still called upon in 1789. Thomas de Rippia, or Scraped, lord of VEAUVILLE-L' ESCHELLE and of HERVILLE, had the first portion of the cure. The second belonged to Lucas Mallet, lord of AUFFAY. In 1250, Guillaume de Houdetot, married to Miss de Ripa, became the lord of HERVILLE and VEAUVILLE-L' ESCHELLE.

In 1381, Richard de Houdetot, knight chamberlain of the roy, baillif of ROUEN, gave the possession of these three seigneureries (VEAUVILLE-L' ESCHELLE, AUFFAY and HERVILLE). The half-stronghold of OHERVILLE was a dismemberment of the stronghold of VEAUVILLE-LES-QUELLES of which it continued to raise until the 16th century, time when the consent was returned to the king from there. Throughout the War One hundred year old, the area was the theater of fights between French and English, and Rouen - where was burned Jeanne d' Arc - was occupied by the English of 1419 to 1449. The wars of religion had dramatic repercussions in an area or the Reform was firmly established (in particular the area of Luneray); the Edict of Nantes, in 1598, brought back peace and economic prosperity.

The Notre-Dame church was rebuilt with VEAUVILLE WHICH with the 19°s among houses of brick, flint and half-timberings with large sloping roofs testimony of a cover passed out of thatch.

The castles and manors abound in the area and VEAUVILLE WHICH enorgueillit of the castle of Mathonville. Happy Thierry de Mathonville, monk of Jumièges, first abbot of Saint-Evroult, had been born with the castle of which it bears the name.

It is said that this generous CLERCY OF MATHONVILLE spent nearly 100.000 francs of the time to the embellishment of the church. The bell-tower is preceded by a Greek white stone pediment, supported by four granite columns, of a pretty form. Two niches contain holy Pierre and holy Paul, the guards of the church. The chorus and the nave form the cross, whose arms show the vaults of the Holy-Virgin and the Saint-Angels. The principal ornament of this church is the high altar, of the most beautiful black marble and white which one can find. The gate vault, also of marble, closed with a copper door, is used as pedestal with a large marble statue of Notre-Dame, sponsors parish. On the right and on the left are two alabaster angels. The sanctuary is of beautiful and noble simplicity. The chorus coldly is decorated, marbled in its walls as in its skirtings; paving is a black and white chess-board. Carry-Christ is a garland finely carved on wood, in the taste of carry-Christs of the XVIII° century. The baptistry is out of marble; in the nave is a table of CRUCIFIXION, school of JOUVENET. In the cemetery, close to the chorus, is fall to it common Misters J. - P. and has. - L. CLERCY, knights of Saint-Louis and lieutenant-colonels, both dead octogenarians, one in 1834, the other in 1842. This last being the benefactor of the church.

Mister of CLERCY OF MATHONVILLE had wanted that any barrel benefit around him. He had joined together, in the same place, the cemetery, the church, the cross, the presbytery, the town hall and the schools.

This new church replaced older which was to date from the XIII° century, but without absolute certainty. The bell-tower, between the chorus and the nave, resembled that of Hautot-Saint-Sulpice. It was moved twice since 1780. Initially it was put at the side of the church, on the vault seigneuriale of Mister of CLERCY. An inscription preserved some time the memory of this translation. Then it was put at the gate in the general rehandling of the church. Always, the lord was Master of the church with VEAUVILLE-LESQUELLES.

In XIIIe century, the heirs to a lord “of the River”, were owner-presenters of the cure. One of the girls of this gentleman having married the lord of Hotot, carried the benefit in this house. Also the lord de Hotot presented to it to the right of his wife, when STONE wrote its pouillé. The benefit counted 40 parishioners then and was worth 40 books with priest REMY. In 1738 there were 50 fires.

This church has with the historical files of our department a bundle containing of the contracts, of the titles of goods and revenues, of the beams and the parchments of the XVII° and the XVIII° century.

In 1820 the hamlet of Attemesnil, currently on the territory of CARVILLE POT OF IRON was attached temporarily to VEAUVILLE. The population passed to 600 inhabitants. The church was increased and transformed: work began in 1836 pennies the management of the HOLY abbot YVES. In 1856 a new bell was acquired. It weighs 850 kilos and was baptized Marie-Eugenie. In 1883 the damaged presbytery was rebuilt the same year. In 1996 the restoration of the church started with repair work of roof.

VEAUVILLE is called VIAUVILLE in EUDES STONE, and is commonly called WHICH or the SCALES. The name of Scales or Equelles that one so often finds with the Middle Ages, and which still live in Shell-Alix, Shell-on-Villers, Touffre-Shell, Foucard-Shells, etc, come from the barriers which one formerly put in the fields to prevent the cattle and the cars to pass. This name of Stopovers points out the former family of Stopovers which preceded Bank, known at XIIe and 13th centuries, and which provided mayors to the town of Rouen.

It is thus with the castle of MATHONVILLE, according to any probability, that was born happy Thierry, first abbot of Saint-Evrould. Monk of Jumiège as of his childhood, he was prior of this large monastery sanctified by the happy EVROULD and illustrated since by VITAL ORDERIC. It was a holy and erudite man; he built the current church from the double spiritual and material point of view. Being dislocated its load in 1057, it left for Jerusalem and died in the island of Cyprus, in 1059, in front of the furnace bridge of Saint Nicolas's Day, in the presence of the monks his brothers and Orderic Vital made of it the greatest praise in its Histoire . It is him which teaches us that it was Normand of birth and the country of Caux. “B. Theodoricus de Mathonvillâ, natione Normannus, ex Calogiensi provinciâ oriendus. ” (cf Neustria pia, page 97).

Thierry de Mathonville was to thus be the son of the lord of the place. One does not know anything else before appears in Veauville Pierre de Clercy whose father, Charles, were in 1503 lord of Bornanbusc, close to Goderville, lime pit-stronghold of haubert held of the king.

Pierre de Clercy had three wire, Guillaume, Vivien and Pierre, and it is marriage of the second with Louise de Rély which are resulting Charles and Jacques de Clercy.

It is supposed that Jacques was the author of part of constructions of the castle of Mathonville: a low part largely using the sandstone of the area is well of this time. The high part of the castle, out of bricks, corresponds to a repair of the 19th century. The ditches disappeared, but a charming house being used as handing-over is particularly remarkable as pilot one time when the stone in embossing flowered development by a pretty color of brick.

The sight, of with dimensions of the plain, carries far, and two small houses (there remains only one about it) framed this long prospect. The dovecote and other small constructions bring a charm which attenuates the impression of austerity due to the sandstone. View-point arranged in amusing pinnacle built above the roof, one can see the sea, with four miles. Born from the marriage of Jacques de Clercy with Anne Auber de Vertot, Jean de Clercy married Suzanne Quesnel and had several children: François was lord of Vertot and Mathonville; Jean-Baptiste, who succeeded to him, married in 1718 Catherine Paon of Baudribosc, and these are the coupled armorial bearings which stamp the door of the small church of Baudribosc. Their three sons, two died of the wounds received with the battle of Minden, in 1759. Third, Jean-Baptist-Louis of Clercy, married AsFrançoise of Vaudretz which gave him five children, of which four were Chevalier of Saint Louis, as recalled by on the right high pyramid of the door of the church of Veauville. The elder Jean-Baptist-Philippe, married in 1785 Marie-Marthe-Victoire of Puy d' Arnouville and fixed himself at Ermenouville of which he became mayor under the Restoration. His/her son, Charles-Eugene de Clercy, married in 1810 Marie-Aimee-Claire de Caumont, born with the castle of Derchigny that his/her mother Marie-Charlotte de Clieu (little girl of Gabriel, governor of the Guadeloupe) had brought to the count de Caumont. Their seven children, only two had posterity: Mrs. de Malartic, grandmother of the count de Montalembert, former vice-president of the Senate of which he was a long time the senior, and Henri-Charles de Clercy whose girl was Mrs. de Beaunay.

Historical research carried out by following Alain KEEPER with the bibliography and extracts: Churches of the district of Yvetot by Mr. the Abbot COCKEREL. Gentlemen and Gentilhommières in Country of Caux by Pierre JAMME and Jean-François DUPONT-DANICAN. The Maritime Seine by Michel of the TORRE. The Maritime Seine GALLIMARD. Guide Bleu HATCHET. The Guide of the Country of Caux by Pierre AUGER and Gerard GRANIER. Between sky and water… Héricourt in Caux by association FILES AND OLD STONES Of HERICOURT IN CAUX. The Book of the Cow by Alain RAVENEAU. The Inheritance of the Communes of the Maritime Seine FLOHIC EDITIONS COUNTRY OF NORMANDY Magazine. Documentations of the Tourist office.

Administration

Demography

Places and monuments

Personalities related to the commune

See too

Common of the Seine-Maritime

External bonds

Veauville-the-Which on the site of the national geographical Institute
Veauville-the-Which on the site of INSEE
Veauville-the-Which on the site of Quid
Localization of Veauville-the-Which on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Veauville-the-Which on Mapquest

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