The commercial universalization or of the exchanges indicates acceleration, on a worldwide scale, of the exchanges of goods and service rendered possible thanks to the progressive lifting of the obstacles to the trade within the framework of GATT then of OMC since the years 1950 and by the development of the means of transport and of communication.

The mobility of the goods and services led:

• each country to specialize according to its potentials according to the theory of the comparative advantages;
• with the Disindustrialization;

Internal bonds

• OMC;

• Trade;
• AGCS ;
• Universalization;
• Free trade;
• Organization of the international exchanges;
• Internationalization;
• Hyperglobalisme ;
• Protectionism;
• Mercenary attitude;

External bond

• the universalization of the exchanges, File n°1