Universal (metaphysics)

See also: Universal

In Metaphysical, a universal is a standard , a property, or a relation. The universal name is opposed to that Individu , whereas the universal adjective is opposed to Particulier (metaphysics) or sometimes to Concret . The latter Significance, however, can be ambiguous since the philosophers hegeliens and the Néo-hégélianisme (e.g British idealism) speak about concrete Universel .

A universal can have authorities (or occurrence?), known like its particular.

For example, the standard dog (gold doghood ) is universal, like the red property (gold redness ) and the relation to be between (gold being between ). Any particular dog (Fido, Youki,…), red thing, or object which is between other things is not universal, but a authority of universal. I.e., a type ( doghood ), a property ( redness ), or a relation ( to be between ) (Theory of the Substance, inherency) universal, a particular object (a particular dog, a red thing, or an object between other things).

Platonic realism holds universals to Be the Referent S off general terms, i.e the abstract , nonphysical entities to which words like " doghood" , " redness" , and " betweenness" refer. By contrast, particulars are the referrents off proper names, like " Fido" , but off definite descriptions that identify individual objects, like the sentence, " that APPLE one the table". By contrast, other metaphysical theories merely uses the terminology off universals to describe physical entities.

the problem of the universals is an old problem in Métaphysique (see Universaux). It relates to the nature of the universals, or the question of knowing if they exist. Part of the problem relates to the implications of the use of the Langage and the complexity of made the relation between the language and the theory Ontologique.

Examples:

a European (with a Capital ) , living Europe, is a universal type, corresponds to the zone Géographique of the Europe, with the European culture,… (see also Gentilé) is
a program Industriel Européen (with a tiny ) a Particulier, because it is about an authority (or occurrence?) European industrial programs.

Most ontological frameworks C not consider classes to Be universals, although nap prominent philosophers C, such ace John Bigelow.

See too

Particular (metaphysics)
List of the concepts of philosophy

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