Ukulélé

As its name indicates it, the Empire marathe , start Hindou ist against the capacity of the Moghols, finds its origin in the area which forms now the state of the Maharashtra.

At the 17th century, Shivâjî Bhonsla directs a rebellion against the Moghol empire. Under its reign and that of his/her son Sambhaji , the territory marathe extends on the valley from Gange and large a part of central India.

After the death of Shivajî, Aurangzeb walk on the Dekkan with the intention to finish some with the Empire marathe. Last nine years of war follow which are completed by the capture of Sambhaji and its setting with death. His/her younger brother, Rajaram , succeed to him and seek to avenge death for his elder during the ten years which followed, until its clean dead. Its widow moves the capital of the empire with Kolhapur and continues her combat.

With the death of Aurangzeb, in 1707, the combat marathe dies out after 30 years of fight without stopping against the capacity moghol. Shâhû , the son of Sambhaji, which had been raised by Moghols, is returned to its people with died of the emperor. He installs at the station of peshwa , (Prime Minister), Bâlâjî Vishwanâth (1713 - 1720), which had helped it to be recognized like Chhatrapati, chief of Marathes.

Died of Bâlâjî, his/her son, Bâjî Râo Ier (1720 - 1740) succeed to him the station of peshwa, and peshwa posts it becomes hereditary. Bâjî Râo seizes all the capacities in 1727, and starting from this date, the descendants of Shivajî have nothing any more but one role honorary. It reinforces the positon of Marathes by making the conquest of the Nizâm, by taking control of Mâlvâ and the Goujerat and by tying many alliances.

Bâlâjî Râo (1740 - 1761) succeeds his/her father at the station of peshwa . Shâhû dies without child and Bâlâjî Râo takes the head of the empire, in 1748, after being themselves removed from the last applicants to the throne. It transfers the capital to Pouné, reorganizes the State and charges his cousin Sadâshiva Bhâo with the administration of its government. However Marathes combined with the Sikh S are overcome with the battles of Pânipat by Moghols led by the Afghan Abdâlî; Bâlâjî Râo and its oldest son Vishvas Râo lose the life there.

After demolishbeing demolished by the British, Bhonsla settled towards 1840 with Nâgpur and reigned on the state of Nâgpur until it is annexed, in 1853, by the English Compagnie of the Eastern Indies.

Chronology

  • 1710 : First revolt of the Sikh S.
  • 1714: Husain Ali is named viceroy of the Dekkan; treaty enters Marathes and Husain Ali.
  • 1717 : The capacity marathe becomes little by little preeminent in India, taking taxes in all safe Dekkan with Hyderâbâd.
  • 1720 : Baji Rao Peshwa reaches the post of Prime Minister for the Rajah of the Marathe S. Joseph François Dupleix begins a career of administrator. The Bundela revolt against Moghols.
  • 1723 : Marathes take the Mâlvâ.
  • 1724 : The kingdoms of Dekkan and Oudh are declared independent of the Empire moghol. Bourdonnais seizes the counter of Mahé.
  • 1727 : Marathes invade the Goujerat and the Khandesh.
  • 1737 : Marathes threaten Delhi.
  • 1739 : The Shah of Persia Nâdir Shâh conquers and plunders Delhi; Marathes seize Salsette and Bassein.
  • 1740 : Accession at the post of Prime Minister marathe of Balajî Râo Peshwâ; Marathes take the Slag fort
  • 1742: Marathes seize the Bengal. Dupleix becomes governor of French India.
  • 1743 : Marathes are driven out Karnataka by Nizam ul-Mulk.
  • 1744 : Marathes attack the the Rajasthan.
  • 1745 : Marathes attack the Bundelkhand.
  • 1746 : Bourdonnais seizes Madras.
  • 1748 : First Franco-British war of India. Dupleix pushes back against offensive of the admiral Boscawen to Pondichéry. Dupleix must return Madras to the British according to the treated of Aachen.
  • 1750 : carnatic Wars.
  • 1751 : Treaty of Alivadi with Marathes
  • 1752: Dupleix capitulates to the military effort of Robert Clive. The Afghans threaten India. Moghols entrust the defense of the country to Marathes.
  • 1754 : Dupleix is recalled to Paris. Marathes deposit the emperor moghol Ahmad Shah Bahadur.
  • 1756 : The Nabab of Bengal Siraj ud-Daulah seizes Calcutta.
  • 1757 : Battle of Plassey: The British ordered by Watson and Clive demolish Siraj ud-Daulah and take again Calcutta. The general and treacherous Mir Jafar are named nabob of Bengal which became in the facts a British protectorate. The Sind and the Cachemire fall to the hands from the Afghans.
  • 1760 : Battle of Wandiwash: the British demolish the French
  • 1761: Third battle of Pânipat: Ahmed Shah Abdali demolishes Marathes; Madhava Rao becomes Peshwa; Haidar Alî becomes sultan of Mysore.
  • 1763 : The French are excluded from India by the treated of Paris. The British are prevalent in India.
  • 1764 : Battle of Buxar: the British demolish the nawab of Bengal Mir Kasim. Sikhs are organized in State.
  • 1765 : The British obtain Diwani on Bengal, the Bihar and the Orissa.
  • 1767 : First war of Mysore: The British conclude a peace treaty humiliating with Haidar Alî. (end in 1769)
  • 1768: The Gurkha seize Katmandou.
  • 1769 : A terrible famine in Bengal kills a third of the population. The Company of the Indies Orientales is dissolved.
  • 1771 : Marathes beat Haidar Alî.
  • 1772 : Death of Madhava Rao Peshwa. Warren Hastings is indicated as governor of Bengal. The Jat, definitively subdued, become again of simple farmers. The British give Shah Alam II on the throne.
  • 1773 : The Regulating Act is voted by the British Parliament.
  • 1774 : Warren Hastings indicated like General governor of the Indies.
  • 1777 : Marathes are beaten by Haidar Alî.
  • 1778 : Hastings seizes Pondichéry and Mahé.
  • 1779 : First war enters the British and Marathes. (end in 1782)
  • 1780: Second war of Mysore: the British demolish Haidar Alî. (end in 1784)
  • 1782: The Traité of Salbai offers 20 years of peace to Bombay and concedes Salsette and Elephanta with the British. Death of Haidar Ali, his son Tipû Sâhib goes up on the throne of Mysore.
  • 1784 : British the Prime Minister William Pitt promulgates the India Act .
  • 1786 : Lord Charles Cornwallis is named governor-general.
  • 1790 : Tipû Sâhib attacks Travancore, starting the third war of Mysore with the British. (end in 1792)
  • 1791: The Sanskrit College is founded with Vârânasî (Bénarès) by Jonathan Duncan. Cornwallis takes Bangalore.
  • 1792 : Tipû Sâhib loses the war and gives up half of its territory to the British.
  • 1793 : Sir John Shore is named General governor of the Indies. Permanent installation of the British in Bengal.
  • 1794 : Death of the chief marathe Mahadaji Sindhia.
  • 1796 : The British take Ceylon with the Dutchmen.
  • 1799 : Fourth war of Mysore: the British demolish Tipû Sâhib which dies at the time of the catch of its capital; partition of Mysore
  • 1802: Treaty of Bassein between British and Marathes. Beginning of the second war enter the British and Marathes (fine in 1804)
  • 1803: The British demolish Marathes with Assaye.
  • 1804 : The British take the fort of Dog.
  • 1809 : The Traité of Amritsar is signed between the British and the Sikh S ordered by Ranjit Singh.
  • 1814 : War gurkha-British. (end in 1816)
  • 1815: The kings of Kandy submit themselves to the British: Ceylon is completely controlled by the British.
  • 1817 : Revolt Pindarî in central India. (end in 1818)
  • 1817: Third war enter the British and Marathes: Marathes are finally crushed by the British with Pooné. (end in 1819)

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