Tyché
In the Greek Mythology, Tyché (in Greek old Τύχη / Túchê , “Chance”) is the guardian divinity of fortune, prosperity and the Destinée of a city or a State. Its Roman equivalent is Fortuna and its Germanic equivalent, the Salut, or Heil .
Interpretations
Tyché decides destiny of the mortals, like playing with a ball, rebounding, upwards, symbolizing the insecurity of their decisions. No one should not thus praise its good fortune or neglect to thank the gods for them, otherwise that leads to the intervention of Némésis.
It is associated with Némésis and Agathodaemon (“good spirit”). Tyché Agatha is the wife of Agathodaemon. Like other “personified abstractions”, it is also arranged among the Océanides in the Homeric Hymne in Déméter .
Worship and representations
Several ancient Greek cities have their own version of Tyché, of which the representation crowned the walls. With Antioche and Alexandria in particular, she is venerated like protective goddess of the city. Its worship is detected starting from second half of fifth century BC. In Antioche, the sculptor Eutychides carries out representations of them.
Tyché appears on coins of the era pre-Christian woman, especially of the area of Égée. With the the Middle Ages, one represented it with a Horn of plenty, the emblematic bar of a boat and the Wheel of Fortune.
In the gréco-Buddhist art of Gandhâra, it is associated with the ogress Hārītī.
With the archeological site of Hadda, the Buddha with Héraclès/Vajrapani (detail of left) and Tyché/Hārītī (detail of right-hand side) can be “a Buddhist sculpture incipient in style indo-Greek” (Boardman). Héraclès still has its skin of lion on the left shoulder, although its bludgeon was replaced by the Vajra (the lightning) of Vajrapani. Tyché holds a traditional Horn of plenty.
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