Triad capitoline
The triad capitoline (also called traditional triad or Roman triad ) indicates, in the Roman Religion, the three divinities Jupiter, Junon and Minerve which was honoured with the Temple with Jupiter Capitolin, on the Capitole with Rome.
The triad capitoline gradually became the Roman cultural print in many Roman cities, as one can see it in particular with Pompéi, Djemila or on the low-reliefs of Alésia. It celebrates Jupiter, god of the lightning, the thunder, the sky and the light, and defender of justice, Junon, queen of the gods and the sky, and protective of the women, and Minerve, goddess of wisdom, arts and the techniques of the war, and protective of Rome.
The ceremonies in the honor of the triad capitoline were organized each year by the Large Pontiff or Pontifex maximus . Its worship continued in Rome until the triumph of Christianity.
According to Tite-Live, the Jupiter Capitolain temple was devoted in 509 av. J. - C., is the first year of the Roman République after the expulsion of the Etruscan kings.
Georges Dumézil revealed that the worship of these three Roman divinities was preceded by the veneration by another triad of origin Indo-European, baptized “Triade précapitoline”, which gathered Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus. It is under the influence of the Etruscan traditions that these two last divinities were replaced by Junon and Minerve. This substitution marked the end of the model of the Indo-European tripartite Fonctions.
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