Toulouse - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Toponymy

The origin of the name of Toulouse is still dubious today, the linguists considering it sometimes Celtic, sometimes Ibère, or more certainly Celtibère.

Always it is that the name of Tolosa appears for the first time in the writings with associated with that of the Volques Tectosages.

According to the most spread version, Tolosa would come from the prefix Tol , which indicates a ford or a river. The site of the city would come from the facility of crossing of the Garonne in this place. The roadway of Bazacle (Basaclum) is always there, to recall us that Toulouse is a passage. Toulouse draws its roots in the major antiquity, it exists certainly a bond with Tholos of the Greeks, crossing point towards beyond that. Thus, according to a legend in vogue with the Rebirth, the pink city would have been founded by Tholus, grandson of Japhet, itself second wire of Noah, which would have given its name to the city.

Thereafter, the Latin name Tolosa becomes Tholose in French, before being transformed into Toulouse , probably under the influence of the pronunciation occitane, towards the end of the 17th century.

Geography

Situation

Localization

Toulouse is located in the South of the France, in the north of the department of the Haute-Garonne, on the axis of communication between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean. It is located on an elbow of the the Garonne which, coming from the the Pyrenees, is directed in the North-East before changing direction on the level of Toulouse to move to the North-West towards the Atlantic Ocean. Towards the south in clear weather, the Pyrenean assembly line is often visible. It is on this elbow of the Garonne, natural crossroads of the transportation routes that the first men at the origin of Toulouse were established.

The relief is marked by the convergence of the valleys of Affluent S of the Garonne. The Ariège in the south is dominated by the sloping slopes of the Lauragais of Old woman-Toulouse which dominate the city over the headland of Pech David. The Hers-Death, which is thrown in the Garonne in the north of Toulouse, forms a vast plain known as of “Lalande”. It is separate in the east by a formed line of the hills of Montaudran and Jolimont. In the west of the city, at good distance from the downtown area (6 to 7 km on average), three terraces are staged to reach the slopes of Gascogne.

It with is crossed great European routes, as the major axes Is Western E80 Rome Lisbon, Southern North E9 Paris Barcelona or the future route of opening-up of the continental diagonal Saragossa Lyon. It is distant of 243 km (A61 E80) of Montpellier in area Languedoc-Roussillon, 343 km (A64 E80) of Saint Sebastien, 330 km (A66 E9) of Barcelona by the tunnel of Puymorens, 678 km (A20 E9) of the capital Paris, 244 km (A62 E72) of Bordeaux in area Aquitaine. Geographically, it locates to 122 km of the Pic of Aneto (3404m) culminating point of the the Pyrenees, source mysterious of the Garonne in the Massif of Maladetta Aragon Catalogne, 144 km of the Mediterranean with Gruissan in the Aude in the East, 233 km of the Atlantic Ocean with Capbreton in the Landes in the west.

Climate

Toulouse knows a oceanic moderate climate, with influences Mediterranean and continental, characterized by a dry and hot summer, one soft winter and a spring marked by strong rains and storms violent one. The dominant winds are, by order of importance, the wind of west (generally bringing the moisture of the ocean Atlantique), the wind of south-east (also called Vent of southerly wind , rather heat and dryness) and the wind of north, definitely less frequent and generally cold and dryness (bringing the air of cold anticyclonic masses placed on the north of the Europe). The wind of southerly wind which comes from the East, is also often called the wind which makes insane , even wind of the devil . Sometimes, this wind can become very powerful like on May 4th, 1916, where it reversed the Toulouse-Revel train. There is habit to say that it influences the human and animal behaviors by its gusts and its swirls.

Toulouse knows on average 24 days of strong heats and 33 days of freezing per annum. The most rainy months are May, April and June. The minimal normal temperatures intervene in January with on average 5°C, and the maximum normal temperatures in August with 23°C. The hottest temperature was of 44°C on August 8th, 1923 (national record) and the coldest temperature of - 19,2°C on February 15th, 1956. The day more sprinkled had as for him a pluviometry of 82,7 mm on July 7th, 1977 according to the sources of Weather-France.

Toulouse was struck by a tornado on May 15th, 1980 towards 20:15. The tornado had been formed on the Aéroport of Blagnac then continued for Toulouse to finish its race towards the district of Casselardit, close to Purpan. This tornado, classified F2, with winds of 200 km/h, tore off roofs and caused other important damage.

Site

The Right Bank of Toulouse is on an insubmersible terrace on which the Roman city was established. It is as on this terrace as the commercial town and commercial of Toulouse was formed. On the other side of the the Garonne, is the left bank with the old suburb Saint-Cyprien, a long time poor district because of its morphological situation. Below located a few meters compared to Right Bank, the Saint-Cyprien district was often subjected to strong floods. Thus in 1875, the Saint-Cyprien district was submerged by water of the Garonne and several bridges were carried. This low situation explains the evolution of the curve of the Fleuve to the wire of the centuries on the side of left bank, between the river Touch which is thrown to the north of Purpan and the current roadway of the Bazacle.

The Channel of the South, work of Pierre-Paul Riquet, which takes again an artificial curve of the Garonne towards the Mediterranean, goes up in south-east the valley of dead Hers and crosses Right Bank of the city.

The commune of Toulouse has a surface of: 11830 hectares, is approximately: 1300 hectares more than Paris and: 7000 hectares more than Lyon, but: 12000 less than Marseilles.

Urban morphology

Urban fabric

The city is organized in various about concentric zones:

the Roman city, characterized by its narrow and tortuous streets, which evolved/moved very little until the Moyen-âge;
the medieval city cut off in its rampart S;
suburbs of;
recent suburbs, built around urban cores founded on villages close with creation to many allotments.

For several decades, the economic dynamism and the strong population increase have been at the origin of a deep change of the infrastructures, residences and industrial facilities.

Districts

Structure

The architecture of Toulouse is marked by the brick, whose orange red hot color confers the nickname of “pink city to him”. This material was introduced by the Roman in Ier century before J.C., as the ruins of the Roman rampart show it places Saint-Jacob. Formerly, the brick was usually covered with coating because she was regarded as the stone of poor. She is mainly used in the area because the stone of size is rare there and its very expensive transport. On the contrary, the Argile is abundant and easily malleable. Today, the brick is development like a symbol of the city. However, in the modern construction industries, it is used only like decorative facing.

Town planning

Housing

Toulouse counted: 226154 residences in 1999. The new buildings are not very present since in 1999, only 16,8% of the main homes went back to 1990 or afterwards. About half of the park of residences dates among 1949 and 1974. 88,2% of the residences are main homes, distributed with 17,7% in houses and 82,3% in apartments (respectively 68,2% and 31,8% in the area).

31,4% of the inhabitants are owners of their housing, against 64,1% which are only tenants (respectively 58,9% and 35,6% in the area). Indeed, Toulouse counts many Immeuble S old, whose majority are main homes.

It should be noted that with 28.642 residences HLM, of the park in 1999 (8,5% for the area) is 14,4%, the city does not respect the provisions of article 55 of the law solidarity and urban renewal (SRU) of December 2000 fixing at 20% the minimum rate of social housing for the most important communes. Moreover, in 1999, 9,4% of the residences were vacant, against only 7,5% in the area.

The majority of the dwellings have 4 parts (36%), or 3 parts (24,3%), then 2 parts (21,8%). The small residences remain very few (studios: 17,8%). The city has consequently residences of rather important size. Finally it should be specified that these residences are well equipped since 96,4% have the central heating and 53,9 have a garage, box or carpark (respectively 80% and 66,6% for the area).

The price of the square meter in 2003 except load for the unit of the residences is 6,79 €/m ² either 406,10 € for 60 m ², for the residences in re - letting is 7,49 €/m ² or 420,11 € for 56 m ² and for the residences dating according to 1990 is of 8,19 €/m ² or 413,89 € for 51 m ². As much of French big cities, Toulouse knows since about fifteen years an important rise of the Loyer S. It relates to all the types of residences. The rise of the rents in 2003 for the Appartement S is 2,8% for the unit and 6% for an apartment relet in 2002. For the House S, the rise is of 3,8% for the unit and 6,3% for a relet house. The most expensive sectors are the center of Toulouse and the south-east but also of new district like Borderouge.

Projects

Many projects are registered with a view to its economic diversification and urban development.

Line TGV Toulouse - Bordeaux
Tram “E” (2009) of Beauzelle at the subway station of the Arenas
Project of great highway skirting of Toulouse
Project of second airport
Line TGV Toulouse-Montpellier-Perpignan
Aerospace Valley

History

Prehistory and Gallo-Roman time

The surroundings of Toulouse are occupied as of the Paléolithique inferior (approximately -1 My) but it is only with the Neolithic that traces of human occupation are found in the form of village as with Villeneuve-Tolosane. Other traces of occupation by the man to the VIII E and the VII E were found as the Nécropole testifies some to the Saint-Roch district (towards the street Fénétra), put at the day in 2002.

As of half of the III E, well before the Roman installation, the area of Toulouse is occupied by a Celtic tribe: the Volques Tectosages. Testimonys of this occupation were found in the south of the current site of the city, in particular with Old woman-Toulouse on the headland of Pech David. These Celtic tribes maintain the commercial links with the Spain and the Italy by the exchange of wine, corn and of metals. Many a Amphore S was found and proves the strength of these exchanges.

After having demolishes the Volques Tectosages, the Romans found the town of Tolosa (in Latin). The city is then an important administrative and military center of the province Narbonnaise. The inhabitants of Old woman-Toulouse are attracted by this new city. The Romans, as in other big cities, build a very important aqueduct, now destroyed. As of year 30, they surround the town of a large brick enclosing wall made whose sides are still upright nowadays.

In 250, Toulouse is marked by the torment of Saturnin of Toulouse which will become Saint-Sernin. This episode marks the appearance of a minority worship in the High-Empire. The 3rd century and 4th century is prosperous and the city grows. The brick is largely used as construction material. At the 5th century, the Visigoth S invade the city and choose Toulouse like capital of their kingdom. Toulouse acquires an autonomy then independence. The first Basilique Saint-Sernin is built into 403 with the rise of the Christianisme in the area. The Gallo-Roman ones and the Visigoths côtoient in Toulouse until in 508 when Clovis pares the Visigoths of the south of France.

Feudal time with the Revolution

The city is held by the Francs until the 10th century which are not very present in the city and are satisfied to collect the Dîme. Toulouse serves as place-strong vis-a-vis the Septimanie in the east and the Spain in the south, held by the Visigoths. With the the Middle Ages, the city remains a long time independent. The counts de Toulouse extend their field on most of the South of France constituting thus the province of Languedoc. Following the Crusade against the Albigensians, the Université of Toulouse is founded in 1229 and Languedoc is attached to the royal field in 1271. Witness of the presence of the counts de Toulouse, the remainders of the foundations of the castle comtal were recently put at the day close to the southern door of the medieval city to the site of the place of the Saline one. Christianity is essential on Toulouse and of many churches are built. In 1096, the pope Urbain II goes to Toulouse to devote the Basilique Saint-Sernin. The cathedral Saint-Etienne is built at the 13th century.

In 1152, a common council of the City and Suburbs is set up by the count. It is the formed “capitoulat” of twelve Capitoul S which ensures a legal role initially. Then they acquire capacity while returning ordinances, levying taxes, raising a militia and ensuring the order and justice in the city. In 1190, they build a common house, the Capitole, today symbol of the city. In 1209, the Croisade against the Albigensians will destroy the county of Toulouse and, in 1250, Toulouse is integrated into the royal Domaine French.

At the 14th century, the prosperous city thanks to the trade and becomes the fourth city of the Royaume of France. But, in 1348, the city is touched by the Black Death which will return in 1361 then at the 15th century. It must also ensure the effort of the Guerre One hundred Year old and undergo the armed robbery. The suburbs are destroyed and the city is folded up behind its fortifications.

During the Rebirth, end of XVe in XVIe century, Toulouse knows one period of great prosperity, thanks to the industry of the pastel. It is the time of construction of large private mansions like the Hôtel of Bernuy or the Hôtel of Assézat. The city thrives and increases in spite of the Grand fire of Toulouse of the May 7th 1463 which destroys the three quarters of the city and ruin several churches, Couvent S and other public edifices. In 1560, the Protestants and the catholics clash in bloody combat.

At the 17th century, the Catholicism triumph. The churches are very attended and of many convents settle downtown. Two symbols of the city, the Pont-Neuf and the Channel of the South, are carried out respectively in 1632 and 1682. The Capitole is rebuilt, as for him, at the 18th century. In 1762, is held the Affaire Fixed: the case of a wrongfully condemned Protestant causes a famous intervention of Voltaire.

Toulouse enters the Révolution without much clash. Only some plunderings and some attacks of castles occur, the power of the Parliament is respected because it makes live the city. Conflicts burst when the removal of the provinces and the Parliaments and the ecclesiastical reform are declared in 1790 and 1791. The city is private of its row of regional capital and becomes the chief town of the Haute-Garonne.

Modern time

The April 10th 1814, the battles of Toulouse opposes the Hispano-British of the marshal Wellington to the French of the Napoleonean marshal Soult, who, although managing to resist, are constrained to withdraw themselves. The pink city was thus the theater of the last Franco-English battle on the French soil. The city adopts with the king Louis XVIII and the Restauration after the fall of Napoleon i. In 1848, the République is proclaimed by Henri Jolly balcony of the Capitole. Until 1914, the city increases gradually with Spanish immigration and the rural migration. It is also the time of great urban work with the construction of main street of the haussmannien type like the street Alsace-Lorraine and the street of Metz. The June 23rd 1875, Toulouse knows its stronger rising. With the flow of: 8000 m ³ of water a second (300 m ³ in normal weather), the Garonne went up to 9,47 m, flooding the near total of left bank, destroying the bridge of Empalot, the bridge Saint-Pierre and the Saint-Michel bridge. Only the New Pont resisted. One counted 208 dead, more: 1200 destroyed houses and: 25000 homeless people. June 26th, the marshal Mac-Mahon goes to Toulouse. With the sight of the spectacle, he pronounced its from now on celebrates sentence “That of water, that of water! ”.

After the First World War, Toulouse enters the industrial era with the powder mill, aviation and the cartridge factory. In the Years 1920, Toulouse is the city of the pioneers of aviation, under the impulse of Pierre-Georges Latécoère, which sets up connections with Casablanca and Dakar. In 1927, the Aéropostale is created, with figures like Antoine de Saint-Exupéry and Jean Mermoz. Pierre-Georges Latécoère initially was able in the pink city to create coaches of Railroad, but, when the war bursts, it is charged by the government with developing planes on its industrial site of Montaudran. When the war finishes, there remains impassioned by aviation and its initial site of manufacture of coaches is from now on an assembly line of planes of war. It is at this time that it takes the challenge to create the Aéropostale. With the old planes of war, Latécoère wishes to convey the mail of Toulouse with Dakar, and why not in South America. Thus of 1920 to 1933, more than 120 pilots will follow one another on the tracks of Montaudran, of which famous names of Daurat, Jean Mermoz, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. He will exploit new lines like Toulouse Casablanca, Casablanca - Dakar and Toulouse Rio de Janeiro - Recife in Brazil. The Air-mail one connects soon France to South America, after the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean Southern is ensured by Mermoz. It develops many other air lines between the cities of South America, sometimes over the Andes cordillera. In addition, the accounts of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry will ensure also a certain notoriety, the such novel Night flight . The first steps of aerospace will be posed by a former mechanic: Emile Dewoitine which will design the first metal planes with windshield, and that since 1920. Thereafter, the State will support the Toulouse aircraft industry.

During the Second world war, the city is saved by the engagements, but resistance strongly develops to with it. It is given up by the German troops of occupation on August 19th, 1944 shortly after the Débarquement of Provence. At the beginning of the Years 1960, many repatriates of Algérie come to settle in Toulouse and are added to the many refugees republican Spanish made after the victory of Franco in 1939. The city is selected to become one of the metropolises of balance of the country by accommodating the aeronautical and space activities at the time of the Décentralisation. The city quickly becomes the prefecture of the area the Midday-Pyrenees. The number of inhabitants of the commune increased very quickly, of 269 000 inhabitants in 1954 with 380 000 in 1968 then 390 350 inhabitants in 1999 to reach the 426 700 inhabitants in 2004. This demographic surge causes the installation of great operations of town planning like the construction of new districts: the Mirail, Empalot and Trifle (Toulouse).

September 21st, 2001, factory AZF explodes, traumatisant the Toulouse ones durably. This industrial catastrophe, worst than France knew since 1945, makes 30 dead, 10.000 wounded and destroyed many buildings and residences, mainly in the popular quarters of Mirail and Empalot. The thesis of the accident is retained by the investigators. The lawsuit of the Catastrophe of factory AZF should open at the end of 2007. The site of the factory, since, was shaved and cleansed. He will see the nearest construction of the cancérôpole, project impelled by the municipality and the State.

Demography

Demographic trends

In 2005, Toulouse is the fourth town of France with: 443103 inhabitants (population will intra muros ) and the fifth Agglomération with: 870 000 inhabitants (estimate 2007). It constitutes also the fifth urban Aire with: 1 117.000 inhabitants (estimate 2007) after Paris, Lyon, Marseilles and Lille. It is the third greater university center of France after Paris and Lyon with close to: 97 000 students in 2006| sansdoublescomptes=1962}}

Sources: Cassini

According to the AUAT and INSEE, in 2007, the Toulouse agglomeration would have gained more: 110 000 inhabitants since the last census of 1999. Each year, the agglomeration thus gains approximately: 14 000 new inhabitants and the urban surface: 19000 inhabitants. If current growth rate is maintained, Toulouse will exceed Lyon in term of population to become the 3rd French city (projection 2014: : 507000 inhabitants) and his agglomeration will détrônera Lille of its 4th place.

source: INSEE

Toulouse thus has a strong attractivity with respect to the other French and European metropolises; 2/3 of new Toulouse are originating in an area other than the Midday-Pyrenees. 11% come even from a foreign country. This massive arrival of population reinforces the metropolitan character of Toulouse, the new Toulouse ones renovates the population and increases the qualification level of the credits (often executives, higher intellectual professions, technicians, engineers).

Lastly, of many projects with national and international dimension contribute to increase the fame of the city: largest cancérôpole of Europe east in construction on the old site AZF and in 2007-2008, Galileo, the European equivalent of GPS, should have its head office on the old tracks of Montaudran, in the south-east of the city.

Population pyramid

The population of Toulouse is very young since more than 45% of the inhabitants have less than 29 years. The city does not follow the same tendencies as the area the Midday-Pyrenees. The shares of the 15-29 years is accounted for with 31,0% women and 31,8% for men in 1999 (respectively: 19,7 and 18,1% for area has). The elderly are little accounted for with 9,1% women and 5,6% men in 1999 as in the remainder of the area (10,9 and 7%).

Populations

Following the example other large French metropolises (Lyon, Marseilles), Toulouse is a cosmopolitan city of which 7,8% of the population are foreign. Metropolis with the multiple influences, Toulouse cultivates its attractivity with the international scales.

Spanish community

The Spanish S represent one of the most important foreign communities of the city with close to: 20000 with: 25000 people. It should be recalled that Toulouse was the capital of the Spanish republican exile in the Thirties. The city even celebrated in 2006 the 75e birthday of the Spanish republic during which the mayor of Toulouse, Jean-Luc Moudenc made a speech which made it possible many young people and new Toulouse to include/understand the importance of this exile, “ Oui, the emotion joined here the calendar of the tragedy of the History, the tragedy of a fratricidal war which threw one against the other, republican Spain and pro-Franco Spain and led 100.000 republicans and their families to Toulouse. Toulouse which remembers the new political topography that had invented the political parties in exile, the Communists with the Labor market, the anarchists with the 4 rue de Belfort and the fountain of the Place Wilson, guerillas with the coffee of the Peace of the Place of Capitole, Socialists with 69 rue du Taur in the future cineclub, a little all in Ateneo of the street of Star, the least politicized in Casa of España. ”

The Spanish print is thus strong in Toulouse. Its direct relay is Put it of España which exists since 1986, it gathers a sociocultural and socioeducational association, which gathers eight Spanish associations. Toulouse is thus more the Spanish big city of France. It attracts also more largely of other communities of the Hispanic world (Argentinian, cuban…). Thus, one very finds in the pink city a “Latin” atmosphere, with many bars with typed, of the clubs of salsa, Tango, cha cha and other Latin dances as well as a very festive night environment which points out those of Barcelona or Madrid. The Spanish is the second spoken language in Toulouse.

Other foreign populations of Toulouse

One also observes in Toulouse close to: 80000 inhabitants originating in North Africa (Tunisian, Algerian, Moroccan, Turks). The district Arnaud-Bernard, in the center town, before mainly populated Italian and Spanish immigrants, is called “the small souk”, because of presence of many small Arab gravers. This community, being mainly of Islamic religion, there exist three Mosques in Toulouse: one in the district of Empalot and two in the district of Large Mirail, with Bellefontaine and the Reynerie.

The African community (Black Africa), West-Indian, réunionnaise and Madagascan are divided on the whole of the commune. In addition to a presence on the various markets of the center town, this community was particularly established in the district Saint-Cyprien to develop to with it hairdressing salons afros and various restaurants and exotic grocers. Also, the Saint-Michel district is known to be the district of the most important community caribéenne of Toulouse.

The commune of Toulouse lodges also a little more: 15000 Italians, one of the most important communities of the city. Since 1995, the consulate of Italy of Toulouse manages the areas the Midday-Pyrenees, Aquitaine and Poitou-Charentes, is 20% of the French territory. It is not thus astonishing to see a large flag green-white-red floating in front of the consulate of Italy, located at the intersection of the street of Metz and the street of Alsace-Lorraine, in full downtown area.

The Britannique S arrived more recently, in particular with the rise of Airbus; they are today increasingly numerous to join Toulouse. They would be some: 10000 in the agglomeration. The German S, also attracted by the aircraft industry, are a little fewer (they would be approximately: 7000). Other various communities are present: Cubans, Irishmen, Americans, Asian (mainly Vietnamese).

Transport

The Agglomeration particularly wide and being parcelled out between zones of habitat, retail parks and poles of quite distinct employment, the average ways are long. In addition, the users are often constrained to compose with a network of Public transport still insufficient, fascinating charges some in 2004 only 7% with the ways with the agglomeration, and a network of secondary roadway systems too little developed. Because of a lack of reflection united on the whole of the territory of the agglomeration which mined the installation of public transport and did not allow the construction of a compact agglomeration, the car reigns like the principal mode of displacements in the agglomeration: 64% of displacements to be compared with the 50% Lyonese.

Displacements are difficult in the agglomeration, the peripheral being often encumbered at the rush hours (to 140.000 cars per day on certain sections according to DRE, that is to say the threshold of saturation of a 2*3 ways). However, the construction of new lines of public transport starts an opposite movement since the opening of the second line of Métro at the end of June 2007, supplemented in 2010 by a line of Tramway which will connect Toulouse (station subway of the Arenas) to the commune of Beauzelle via Blagnac.

Toulouse has an highway network and highway dense and wide. Six highways meet on the Périphérique of Toulouse. The rail network is more slightly developed. The principal lines are the lines Bordeaux-Narbonne, Toulouse-Bayonne and Toulouse-Paris which meet with the Gare Matabiau. Lastly, air transport is very developed around the Aéroport of Toulouse Blagnac classified with the fourth rank of the airports of province.

Administration

The city is the chief town of the area the Midday-Pyrenees, of the department of the Haute-Garonne and the district of Toulouse. It is in addition the seat of the academy of Toulouse and the ecclesiastical Province of Toulouse. It is also with the head of the Communauté of agglomeration of Large Toulouse.

Municipal administration and political tendencies

The Municipal council is composed of sixty-nine members, of which the mayor and twenty-six associated with the mayor, ten city council men deputy, seventeen city council men deputy operations managers and fifteen city council men. Seventeen of associated of the mayor have in load one of the town halls of district of the town of Toulouse. They make it possible to the citizens to have an easy access to the administrations of the city. The mayor of Toulouse east Jean-Luc Moudenc since May 6th, 2004. He is also the vice-president of the Communauté of agglomeration of Large Toulouse and chair Committee on Transport. The municipal council meets publicly more once per quarter in the room of the municipal council in the Town hall. Moreover, the city has a municipal council of the children established by deliberation of the Municipal council of the modified June 27th, 2003 on October 14th, 2005. The members are elected every two years during the 1st quarter of the school year, in the elementary schools which adhere to the project. It is made of 41 pupils of CE2 and CM1, elected on November 15th, 2005 (21 pupils resulting from the public schools and 20 of the private schools).

Politically, Toulouse is a town of left as most of the department even if the voters voted on the right for the municipal elections since 1970. To note that the mayor of the commune since 2004, Jean-Luc Moudenc, is of right-hand side (UMP). It succeeded Philippe Douste-Blazy itself of right-hand side (UMP). For the other elections, they are the left-wing candidates who arrive at the head.

With the presidential election of 2002, the first turn saw arriving at the head Lionel Jospin with 20,23%, followed Jacques Chirac with 17,34%, then of Jean-Marie Le Pen with 17,65% and finally No5el Mamère with 8,65%, no other candidate not exceeding the threshold of the 7%. With the second turn, the voters voted to 86,06% for Jacques Chirac against 13,94% for Jean-Marie Le Pen with a rate of abstention from 21,88%, result rather close to the national tendencies (respectively 82,21% and 17,79%; abstention 20,29%) with however four points in less for Jean-Marie Le Pen.

With the referendum on the constitutional treaty for Europe of May 29th, 2005, the Toulouse ones voted for the European Constitution, with 51,31% of Yes compared with 48,69% of Not with a rate of abstention from 33,65% (whole France: Not to 54,67%; Yes to 45,33%). These figures are contrary with those of the remainder of the department of the Haute-Garonne (Not to 53,90%; Yes to 46,10%), electorate having chosen the positive vote being, according to the political analysts, the fact of a economically more privileged population and more an high level of education that the average of the French.

With the presidential election of 2007, the first turn saw dissociating at the head Ségolène Royal with 36,15%, followed by Nicolas Sarkozy with 29.75%, Francois Bayrou with 19,21%, then Jean-Marie Le Pen with 6,35%, and Olivier Besancenot with 3,64%, no other candidate not exceeding the threshold of the 2%. The second turn saw arriving at the head Ségolène Royal with 57,60% (national result: 46,94%) against 42,40% for Nicolas Sarkozy (national: 53,06%).

Mayors of Toulouse

See also: List of the mayors of Toulouse

1944 - 1958: Raymond Badiou (SFIO),
1958 - 1971: Louis Bazerque (SFIO),
1971 - 1983: Pierre Baudis (" centriste"),
1983 - 2001: Dominique Baudis (UDF),
2001 - 2004: Philippe Douste-Blazy (UMP), resigner the April 30th, following its accession with the Government, as a Minister for Health,
2004: Jean-Luc Moudenc (UMP), second on the list of Philippe Douste-Blazy of 2001.

Cantons

Toulouse is divided into 15 cantons (see also Cantons of the Haute-Garonne):

Deputies

Toulouse is divided into six legislative districts:

1 {{Re}} district of the Haute-Garonne (of which Toulouse I, IV, V, VII): Catherine Lemorton (PS)
2 {{E}} district of the Haute-Garonne (of which Toulouse VI, VIII, XV): Gerard Bapt (PS)
3 {{E}} district of the Haute-Garonne (of which Toulouse IX, X): Pierre Cohen (PS)
4 {{E}} district of the Haute-Garonne (of which Toulouse II, III, XI): Martine Martinel (PS)
5 {{E}} district of the Haute-Garonne (of which Toulouse XIII, XIV): Francoise Imbert (PS)
6 {{E}} district of the Haute-Garonne (of which Toulouse XII): Monique Iborra (PS)

Teaching

Toulouse depends on the academy of Toulouse, one of largest of France. Christian Merlin is vice-chancellor of the academy of Toulouse since March 7th, 2005.

Primary and secondary education

For the first degree of education, Toulouse has 104 nursery schools and 93 public elementary schools and 22 private elementary schools. For the secondary, Toulouse counts 24 public colleges and 12 private colleges. The city has 12 public lycées of which most known are the Lycée Pierre-with-Fermat and the Lycée Saint-Sernin and 13 colleges private.

Higher education

Twinnings and cooperation agreements

The town of Toulouse is twinned with the following cities (by chronological order):

It tied cooperation agreements with:

Toulouse has also a town of adoption: .

Budget and taxation

At the time of the vote of the budget the primitive main thing 2003, the section of operation presented was assembled to the sum of: 195000000 € and the section investment presented was assembled to: 181000000 € (both balanced in expenditure and receipts). Objectives of the city being to maintain a debt zero (since the refunding of its debt via the transfer of the water supply network to Vivendi) and thus self-financing, to maintain the tax pressure and to have an investment per capita among highest of the towns of France. This budget takes account of refundings of the insurances and the investments due to the damage of the Catastrophe of factory AZF of Toulouse. The four taxes of 2003 were voted by the municipal council of Toulouse for rates of: 19,02% for the Tax of dwelling, 21,36% for the Real estate tax built, 82,49% for the real estate tax not built, and 18,64% for the Professional tax (inter-commune rate).

The local direct taxation is higher than the departmental average for the communes of equivalent population. This situation is explained by the fact why Toulouse undergoes a demographic and urban pressure important. It attracts most of the population and economy of the department. This attraction requires on behalf of the municipality of large efforts of installation and investment which are reflected on the taxation.

In 2006, the section allocated with the investments reached 222.000.000 €.

Safety

The rate of criminality of the district of police force of Toulouse east of 111,49 acts for 1000 inhabitants (crimes and offenses, figures 2005) what makes some highest of the Haute-Garonne, very largely higher than average the main road (83/1000). This rate is also largely higher than the rate of criminality of the area the Midday-Pyrenees (85,46/1000). The rate of resolution of the businesses by the police services is of the 22,8%, weakest of the department and the area and rather far away from the averages regional (28,25%) and main road (28,76%).

The town of Toulouse knows a level of delinquency raised compared to the remainder of the area. The town hall, in agreement of associations of tradesmen, thus decided to install a dozen Caméra distributed in the city to prevent the delinquency. As from July 2007, they make it possible to supervise 24:00 /24h several districts.

Economy

Culture and inheritance

Architectural heritage

Toulouse is classified town of art and history. The boulevards of belt determine the greatest safeguarded sector of France (220 ha). Many Toulouse places are to be discovered while strolling. The inheritance of religious buildings is particularly rich, with some curiosities like the church of the Jacobins (nave with central pillars in palm trees). Toulouse is the French city which counts the most private mansions of the Rebirth, due to the golden age of the pastel, and the most chimes will intra muros (fourteen of nine bells and more).

Moreover, Toulouse turns irremediably towards the future and the advanced technology industry which composes the principal share of its economy, with new tourist places as the visit of the sites of Airbus of which assembly lines of the A380, the museum of modern art and contemporary (slaughter-houses) and the Cité of space with the exposure of a reproduction of the station MIR, a rocket ARIANE V, a cinema large size in 3D and many other curiosities related to space.

Remarkable buildings and public places

Toulouse gathers many remarkable buildings. Most known is the Capitole which shelters the Town hall, an opera and a symphony orchestra, on the place of the same name. Immense Salle of Famous makes it possible to the public to admire the masterpieces of Toulouse artists of the 19th century. Located in the middle of the downtown area, this broad place is the tourist starting place of discovered “pink city”. At the back of Capitole, the Donjon of Capitole is located in a park and gathers the buildings of the Tourist bureau. The Place Wilson located at the entry of the downtown area in bottom of the Jean-Jaurès alleys is a place whose brick buildings are built in way concentric around a raised park. It is a place animated with its many terraces of bars, coffees and its cinemas.

The quays and the banks of the the Garonne were arranged at the 18th century. The quays Henri Martin and the quays of Tounis built out of brick to contain the Inondation S make it possible to walk along the river and to discover the old bridges of Toulouse. The Pont-Neuf, a 220 meters length, is the oldest bridge of Toulouse with the Pont of Tournis. The bridge Saint-Pierre is a metallic bridge going back to 1897. A little downstream on the Garonne is the Bazacle, a ford where the first Toulouse ones settled. It forms a Digue today making it possible to maintain a water level sufficient in the Garonne lasting the summer months. At the edge of the river, the Hospital of the Low register and its Saint-Joseph vault of the Low register are visible thanks to the dome of the vault manufactured in Cuivre. Close to the Garonne is also the Tower water of Toulouse which contains a gallery of photographic exposures.

Lastly, some public buildings are remarkable like the Gare Matabiau located at the edge of the Canal of the South, the Prison Saint-Michel and the Palais Niel which was built on the old fortifications of Toulouse for the installation of the Marshal of France Adolphe Niel. And the Roman Amphithéâtre of Purpan-Ancely is one of the only buildings practically intact of the Roman epoch.

Private mansions

Toulouse is the French city where one finds the most private mansions dating from the 16th century. It is true that at the end of the Moyen-âge, during this time ostentation of the Renaissance and the Toulousain trade of the Pastel, many tradesmen and of Capitoul S set up their private mansions, often surmounted of a tower (symbol of power and sign of recognition of the important characters of the city). Then, the members of Parliament obtained in their turn prestigious residences, competing of audacity and genius to have the most beautiful building of the city. Thus, in the center town, one does not count less than 74 private mansions.

Coffees and hotels

Toulouse has many Café S which spreads out their terraces over the streets semi-pedestrians of the downtown area. Several districts are very attended at the beautiful days like the Place Wilson, the Saint-Georges place, the place Saint-Pierre and places it Esquirol and Trinité. The great period of the coffees proceeded end of the 19th century to first half of the 20th century. The most beautiful establishments were around the place Wilson (in the past named the Lafayette public garden). In 1900, four business men create the public limit company of the Large Coffees and have at the time five establishments: Lafayette, the large coffee Albrighi glacier, large coffee of the Americans, coffee of the Comedy and the large Sion coffee. The large coffee of the Americans was remarkable by his terrace (largest of France) whose orchestra animated all the coffee in 1960.

Today, still, some coffees are true monuments as on the Place of Capitole, the Bibent coffee which have a decoration baroque classified Historic buildings in 1978, the Florida coffee and My Coffee. The coffees played a part at the time of the Second world war bus of resistant like Jean Cassou or the Colonel Cahuzac held of the meetings on their terraces. More recently, the Saint-Pierre place is the student's place of the city with famous the Basque Bar and In Tonton with his pastis “O main”.

On the place of the Capitole, several hotels have an architecture characteristics. The Large Hotel of the Opera rises on the site of the old Saint-Martial college. It is a luxury hotel since 1980. With the opposite angle the hotel of the Large-Balcony is which lodged great names like Jean Mermoz or Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at the time of the Air-mail one.

Religious buildings

The catholic monuments are numerous in Toulouse and are remarkable buildings. The Basilique Saint-Sernin located in the district of the same name is classified in 1998 with the World heritage, under the Ways of Saint-Jacques-with-Compostelle in France. It is a church of southernmost Romance style which was devoted Basilique in 1878. The church of the Jacobins and his cloister, located between the the Garonne and the Place of Capitole, is a monastic construction of XIIIe and XIVe centuries, entirely carried out out of bricks, jewel of the Languedocien Gothic art. It has a double nave separated by columns some twenty-two height meters, from where ribbed vaults spout out. The last column offers a rare example of the radiation of its ribbed vaults forming a “palm tree”. The cathedral Saint-Etienne is the Cathédrale of Toulouse built in the neighborhoods of 1070. Its aspect is particular because it is made up of architectural elements of various times.

Other churches are characteristic as the Notre-Dame church of Taur which has a wall-belfry, the Basilique of the Sea-bream, the church Saint-Aubin, the church Saint Nicolas's Day, the Notre-Dame church of Dalbade, the Couvent of Augustins, sheltering the museum of the same name, and the Chapelle of the Carmelite nuns who is the only building remaining of the convent of the Carmelite nuns.

Toulouse has also Protestant monuments like the temple of the place of Saline and the old temple of the street Pargaminière. Two orthodoxe monuments also exist like the Saint-Saturnin church located which occurred of Lavaur and the Saint Nicolas's Day church located which occurred of Great Britain. A new synagog and a great community center of recent construction represent the Jewish monuments of the city. Lastly, several Mosquée S exists on the commune like the Ennour mosque of the district of Empalot, with its minaret, its cupola, its three levels on: 2100 m ² still in construction, mosque Al-Rahma, mosque Al Hoceine, the Salam mosque and the mosque Abou Bakr.

Environmental inheritance

In addition to the banks of the Garonne and Channel of the South, Toulouse profits from many green areas representing a whole of: 1000 hectares in 2005 with 160 gardens and 600 points green. In 1998, the town of Toulouse is classified three flowers for the quality of sound fleurissement. It is in 1754 that Toulouse arranges its first public garden, the garden Royal which extends beyond the hurdy-gurdies medieval fortifications. This installation is the Mondran project of which the goal was to open a space for the Promenade, the Hygiène and the opening of broad prospects. Thus, this policy of great work, with the Large Round, the quays and the frontages along the Garonne, transform the city. Later, at the 19th century, the botanical garden is created in Toulouse. In the years 1970, several projects of gardens of district are arranged downtown closest to the inhabitants. In parallel, projects of town planning make it possible to create parks like that of Compans-Cafarelli, the park of Maourine or that of the Reynerie.

The parks and gardens of the city are diversified active Japanese garden district of businesses of Compans-Caffarelli to the park of the meadow of the Filters at the edge of the Garonne. Other gardens like the botanical garden, the Large-Round and the Royal Jardin are very old. Lastly, in periphery, the park of Reynerie offers an haven of peace while four green zones with sporting vocation surround the city since 1971, to the four cardinal points in periphery of the city: In the west, the park of Ramée has a lake of 38 hectares and an green area of 280 hectares. In the south, the slopes of Pech David of 280 hectares dominate the city and the industrial park. In north, the zone of leisures of Sesquières has 117 hectares of parks and a lake 13 hectares on which the Water skiing is possible and in the east the park of Argoulets.

The avenues, the alleys and the ways of water are planted many trees. The dominant species are the Platane (approximately: 9000), the Poplar (approximately: 5000), the Lime (approximately: 4000), the Micocoulier (approximately: 3000), the Umbrella pine (approximately: 1500) and the Cedar (approximately 700). The commune is planted of approximately: 500000 of which: 160000 are managed by the municipality. In addition to the trees, the municipal services produce more: 450000 plants with solid masses each year for fleurissement of the city thanks to the municipal greenhouses.

Cultural heritage

The Toulouse cultural life is rich:

of the contributions related to various waves of Immigration (Spanish during the civil war, pied-noir in the Years 1960, Maghrebian in the Years 1970);
of the diversity and the youth of the student's population;
of alternative cultural mobility;

Museums

The many museums of the city present an important historical heritage. The Musée Saint-Raymond located close to the Basilique Saint-Sernin was created in 1892. It is devoted to art and the Archéologie of the Antiquité. The Musée of the Old man Toulouse is a private museum exposing of the objects or the old documents evoking the past of the city. The Musée Paul-Dupuy presents as for him a collection of objects related to graphic arts and decorative energy of the Middle Ages at 1939. The Musée Georges-Labit presents a collection of exotic objects collected by the adventurer Georges Labit.

The Musée of Augustins is the museum of the Art schools of Toulouse created in 1795. It is the oldest museum of the city but also of France after the central Natural history museum of Paris. It gathers a collection of Peinture S of primitive Southerners, a collection of Italian paintings and a collection of tables of Dutch and Flemish painters. it has also a collection of Sculpture S. the Hôtel of Assézat contains also the Bemberg foundation which gathers a collection of books, tables and sculptures. The museum of modern art and contemporary of the Slaughter-houses, created in 2000, occupies the old buildings of the slaughter-house of the city. It gathers works of second half of the 20th century.

Toulouse has other museums like the Musée of the instruments of medicine of the hospitals of Toulouse, the Departmental Musée of Resistance and the Deportation, the Southernmost Center of Architecture and the City, the municipal Center of the Poster, the Postcard and Graphic art (Toulouse) and the Musée of the Poster.

The Museum of natural history after restoration reopened its doors in October 2007. Lastly, it is necessary to announce the park dedicated to the space which is the Cité of space.

Libraries

The whole of the network of the Bibliothèques of Toulouse (Public reading) includes/understands:

a central media library, the Media library José-Cabanis, located in the district Marengo and carried out in 2003.
a library of Study and Inheritance renovated in 2003.
Twenty antennas of district distributed in the city whose organization was installation in 1958.

The media library Jose Cabanis was recently carried out in the prolongation of the alleys Jean Jaurès by the architect Jean-Pierre Buffi. The building forms a modern arch with the colors of brick. It offers more: 150000 titles in consultation and loan, of many CD and DVD. Its name was given in homage to the literary critic Jose Cabanis.

The public library of study and the inheritance of Toulouse is lodged in a building Art-déco builds in the years 1930 by Jean Montariol in the street of Périgord. It preserves a collection of works of old books and manuscripts rare as well as an important patrimonial and regional bottom.

Photographs and art gallery

As of the invention of photography by Nicéphore Niepce, several Toulouse adapts this novel method. Thus in 1875, Charles Fabre created the Toulouse Company of photography. It will publish also important works on photography like the encyclopedic Traité of photography . Lastly, it sets up in 1892 an higher education of photography.

Vis-a-vis the competition of the many Parisian showrooms of photography, the town of Toulouse opens the gallery of the Tower water in 1974. It is located in old a Tower water out of brick builds in 1824. It regularly puts in scene photographic exposures directed by Jean Dieuzaide which was a famous and often exposed actor. It gathers two showrooms, an information center, a video library and a slide library. Toulouse has also two private galleries, the Sollertis gallery and the gallery of the Forum of the Image.

Lastly, of the events around photography like the “Spring of September” or the “Forum of the image” are also organized in the form of festivals.

The Saint-Etienne district has many art galleries as well as many shops of antique dealers.

Theater and theaters

Toulouse was the compost of blossoming of companies of Théâtre of street like Royal of Luxury and a whole movement of Artiste S related to the urban scene. But the principal theater is the Théâtre of the City TNT which is an open important building in 1998 builds by the architect Alain Sarfati. It has a Amphithéâtre of 898 place, a small theater of 250 places and a studio of 74 places. It accommodates until: 100000 spectators per annum. Two other theaters arise from the batch: the theater of the Dam and the theater of the Garonne. The first present one of the regional parts while the second is a theater located in a spirit of research and original creation. Several scenes like the theater of the city, the theater Daniel Sorano, the theater of the Paving stone, the Attic-Theater accommodate also many parts each year. Let us quote also close scenes such Altigone with Saint-Orens-with-Gameville or Odyssud with Blagnac. The church Saint-Pierre-of-Kitchens point of disjunction also an auditorium of 400 places. The theatrical life amateur also knows an important activity that for example the theater Jules Julien is useful. Other public buildings are used as room of theater like the Halle with the Grains, the theater workshop of Tiny, the theater workshop the 3T, the Casino Barrier of Toulouse, the Theater of the Violet, the Theater of the Large Round and the Theater of the Plumbline.

Toulouse has many more or less large theaters. The Zenith of Toulouse is more the big room of spectacle of the city. It is the third room covered of France (9 000 people) after the general sports Palais of Paris-Bercy (15 000 people) and the Grand Hall of Turns (11 500 people). The Sport hall of Toulouse rebuilds after the catastrophe of AZF is also one of the big rooms of Toulouse. Other rooms make it possible to accommodate of the public like the Bikini, small room mythical of Toulouse, where many artists of reputation occurred there. The puffed up room at summer during the explosion of AZF. Its rebuilding at the edge of the Canal of the South is initially planned for 2005, in a configuration a little larger (1 200 people); in waiting, the village hall of Ramonville accommodates the programming. Its reopening should finally take place in 2007. The havana-coffee is also a small room of spectacles and concerts with Ramonville-Saint-Agne, close to Toulouse. One can also quote the Mandala, near to the museum of the slaughter-houses which is a cordial small room where began from large artists like Art Mengo and where play of large musicians like Peter Erskine. Lastly, the Saint-Pierre church of the Kitchens was recently open like auditorium and theater.

Music

See also: Conservatory with regional radiation of Toulouse, Rock'n'roll in Toulouse

The anthem of Toulouse east Toulouse the of the type-setter Louis Deffès sung by Benjamin Auriol, accompanied with the piano by Nino Pavlenichvili.

The opera S are proposed by the Théâtre of Capitole of Toulouse whose National orchestra of Capitole of Toulouse was made an international reputation in the field of the Classical music, carried in the first ranks of the national scene by the leader Michel Plasson, and placed under the current management of Tugan Sokhiev. With 17th and 19th century, great voices like Pierre de Jélyotte and Victor Capoul were formed in Toulouse. Others are illustrated there like Mady Mesplé, Jean-Philippe Lafont or Pierre Nougaro. Let us note also the main home of the orchestra, the Halle with the Grains. In addition, the creation of a second permanent orchestra dedicated exclusively to the opera is in project (the National orchestra of the Opera of Toulouse). The orchestra thus created would then reside in a new opera whose construction is being studied, which would make of Toulouse the third town of France to being equipped with an orchestra of permanent opera, at the sides of Paris and Lyon.

Also considered, the Chamber orchestra of Toulouse, founded by Louis Auriacombe, is currently directed by the violonist Gilles Colliard. Its multiple initiatives considerably increased the radiation of this unit, whose varied repertory, goes from the Baroque music to the modern Musique. It occurs in various places of Large Toulouse, in particular with the auditorium of the Saint-Pierre church of the Kitchens, with the vault Co.-Anne, the cinema Utopia of Tournefeuille, etc

Several Toulouse artists and groups had a national reputation in many musical styles like Claude Nougaro, Art Mengo, Diabologum, Emile & Images, Zebda or Lyric Acide. The Rap is also represented by artists or groups like Dadoo, Fabulous Trobadors, KDD, the Ska with Spook and the Guay, the Vulgar Beautés, as well as the rock'n'roll metal with Psykup, Sidilarsen or Punish Yourself.

Directed by Gerard Duran, the national Academy of area of Toulouse counts among the large poles of excellence in the curricular area of the music in France. Different establishment dispersed in the city teach the instrumental and vocal disciplines, the theoretical composition and disciplines, the choreographic disciplines, the old music as well as an initiation with the dramatic art.

Cinemas

Toulouse is equipped with many Cinéma S. Several cinemas independent are accessible in downtown area like the Utopia, located street Montardy . This cinema in particular received the Trophy of the best room Art and test of France in 2001. Another Utopia cinema is located at Tournefeuille. The ABC is the oldest cinema of Art and Essai of Toulouse, located street Saint-Bernard . It is an associative and independent cinema, which also includes/understands a meeting room, a showroom and an information center. It belongs to the network Europa Cinémas. The Crater is also a cinema of Art and Main street Essai of the Saint Michel , of which the leading line is made up to 80% of recoveries after the big rooms of Art and Essai of the center town.

Lastly, the cineclub of Toulouse is an associative cinema created into 1965 which also includes/understands a library. It was directed a long time by Daniel Toscan of Plantier. It is the second cinematographic bottom of France after the cineclub of Paris. It has more: 24000 copies of feature films and court-measurings, like in whole of documentation around the cinema. Toulouse has also the university of Audio-visual (ESAV) which is street of Taur close to the cineclub since 2002. It is a research center which accommodates several researchers and of many students of the third cycle.

There exist also commercial cinemas like the UGC, cinema of the European group of cinematographic exploitation UGC located gone of the President-Roosevelt just beside the Place Wilson and the Gaumont, cinema of the group of the French company of Gaumont production. One of both cinema is located Place Wilson. Second is with Labège, agglomeration in the south of Toulouse.

Media

Toulouse shelters several local television channels. France 3 Southern has its seat in Toulouse and its studios are located at Cépière. She proposes each day the regional topicality as well as an emission with topic turned in Occitan, Viure Al Feed . M6 has a local unhooking located which occurred Jean Jaurès and TLT is the local television of Toulouse, whose buildings are with the Médiathèque José-Cabanis, with Marengo (in the beginning its seat was in Compans-Caffarelli). Lastly, other televisual diffusions are transmitted from Toulouse as TV Noises which gather associative televisions and OC-TV which diffuses the television on Internet.

In addition to the national radio stations, the city is covered by many local stations of which Southern Radio controlled by the laboratories Pierre Fabre, Mouv' emission launched in the Nineties in Toulouse, Southern, FMR, Radio-Radio Canal (sharing the same frequency), Booster FM, Radio More (sharing the same frequency), Radio Campus, Radio My Feed on 90.1 FM and Radio Occitania.

The Presse is represented mainly by the regional newspaper of the Dispatch of the South , whose head office is in Toulouse. This daily newspaper is strongly established in the Toulouse region and precedes all its competitors. Several great publishing companies tried to diffuse new weekly magazines. Thus, between 1982 and 1988, of the weekly magazines like Toulouse Morning , Southern Mail and Journal of Toulouse is launched and stopped very quickly for lack of public. The newspaper Le Monde lance All-Toulouse in 2000, but there still it is a failure, the Cross of the South targeting a catholic public, renamed the Voice of the South , the Satiricon , a satirical newspaper and Toulouse Mag , a magazine general practitioner of local information, which belongs to the group the Dispatch. The city is also the seat of the editions Milan created in 1980 and which publish children's papers and for adult like the Pyrenees Magazine .

The activity on Internet being developed enough on Toulouse, several Internet sites were born. One finds sites like ToulouseWeb, ToulouseBlog or Toulouse-Directory.

Events and festivities

During the year, the city accommodates several festivals of music, cinema as well as various and varied festivals. Thus, the popular festival of musics of the worlds Rio Loco proceeds each June on the topic of an invited country. The Piano with the Jacobins proposes concerts of Piano to the church of the Jacobins. In the same way, Toulouse the Organ is an international festival of Orgue S. Of other festivals of music also exist like the electronic naps or Convivencia.

The Meetings of the Italian Cinema in Toulouse proceeds in April with the cinema the ABC. Other cinema festivals are with the honor like the meetings of the cinema of Latin America and the festival of the Spanish cinema of Toulouse the Midday-Pyrenees Cinespaña .

Lastly, the year is punctuated by various festivals and events like the spring of the laughter become the first festival of European humor, the spring of September transforming Toulouse into space dedicated to the Contemporary art, the Forum of the image, Houfastival, the spring of the laughter, the Marathon of the words, the N7 festival, stainless Electronic Festival and the Marche of the prides of Toulouse.

Personalities related to the commune

A big number of personalities were born in Toulouse: among the most re-elected, one finds men or women like Jean-Luc Reichmann, Sylvain Augier, Laetitia Barlerin, Claude Nougaro, Ticky Holgado, Bernard Werber, Jean-Louis Debré, Laurent Baffie and well of others.

Ignored detail, Tintin and Milou spent all the summer 1940 to Toulouse, following the invasion of the Belgium the preceding May 10th, as them 1 attests it appearance in the Evening Jeunesse , the October 17th 1940 (cover Tintin and Milou returned ''' * ''').

In 50 before JC, already, Astérix and Obélix spent there already a few hours during a beautiful day, to seek the local speciality of the sausage (see hereafter).

Gastronomy

In the middle of South-west, Toulouse occupies a strategic place near the Gascogne. The restaurants of the city thus serve as many specialities containing Canard (fatty preferably). However the dish which is most known is undoubtedly the Cassoulet, containing Saucisse of Toulouse and haricot beans (tarbais), feeding an ancestral quarrel between the partisans of the cassoulet of Castelnaudary against those of the cassoulet of Toulouse on its origins and to decide between them in gustatory quality. To also note that the Cachou Lajaunie was invented in 1880 per Leon Lajaunie, pharmacist in Toulouse.

Several dishes and specialities are characteristic of Toulouse: the Cassoulet of Toulouse, snails Toulouse, Fénétra, a Toulouse cake with almonds, the Foie gras, the poulard one with Toulouse, the ratatouille with Toulouse and the Sausage of Toulouse.

Many restorers gained their stars in Toulouse in the 1970-1980 like Dominique Toulousy, Pierre Roudgé, Francis Ferrié and Laurent Orsi. Big bosses like Michel Sarran, Patrick Donnay or Yannick Delpech take part in the radiation of the Toulousaine gastronomy and South-west.

Sport

Sporting city

Toulouse was classified the most sporting city of France by the sporting magazine " Équipe" in October 2007. Toulouse has 368 sporting installations distributed on 70 sites and to 3.500.000 users per annum of registered voters in the clubs of sport of the city. The island of the Woodpigeon accommodates the Nakache complex at the beginning of the century and the construction of new sites unceasingly did not evolve/move. Toulouse accommodates several sporting events like the cross-country race of the violets, the international tournament of handball, the international tournament of sword Marcel Dutot, the world cup of Paint-ball, the Grand Prix of tennis of the town of Toulouse, the championship of world of the sporting and lifting dance, the female turn of France, the open one of France of gymnastics, the world cup of handball, the championship of France of Rugby to XIII or the world cup of Rugby to XIII.

Principal clubs

More than 500 clubs evolve/move in Toulouse what represents nearly 85.000 bachelors, affiliated with all the sporting, school and university federations.

The sport emblematic of Toulouse is the Rugby with its team headlight, the Stade Toulousain. Created in 1907, it since became the club more titrated France with sixteen championships of France, three cuts of France and three cuts of Europe.

The Toulouse Football Club (TFC) is a team of Ligue 1. Its trainer since 2006 is Élie Baup. He succeeded in carrying out the team for the preliminary round of the Ligue of the Champions of the UEFA in 2007.

Other sports are also represented in Toulouse:

Baseball: with the Stade Toulousain Baseball
Basketball: since the disappearance of the teams of the elite (male and female) the hopes go on the Toulouse Basket Club (the 3rd female division)
American football: with the Bear of Toulouse
Handball: with Toulouse Union Handball for the boys and with the Female Toulouse Handball for female the
Rugby with XIII: with the Olympic Toulouse XIII
Volley ball: with the Spacer' S of Toulouse Volley ball
Hockey: with the Toulouse Blagnac Hockey Club in D2A (season 2006-2007) called Bélougas
Shooting with the arc: with the Toulouse Athlétic Club - Shooting with the arc affiliated at the French federation of shooting to arc (FFTA)

Three Toulouse representatives of major sports qualified themselves for the cut of Europe in 2007. The Stade Toulousain and Toulouse FC in most prestigious of their discipline, Spacer' S in the second.

See too

Internal bonds

Academy of arts, letters and sciences of Languedoc
AéroConstellation
Airport Toulouse Blagnac
Airbus
Archdiocese of Toulouse
Cancéropôle
Capitole of Toulouse
the Community of agglomeration of Large Common Toulouse
of the Haute-Garonne
Count de Toulouse
Station Matabiau
Large Toulouse
Institut National Polytechnique of Toulouse
INSA of Toulouse
the Dispatch of the South
List of the streets of Toulouse
Subway of Olympic Toulouse
Midday
Occitanie
National orchestra of Capitole of Toulouse
Bear of Toulouse (American football)
Place of Capitole
Plane interactive
Districts of Toulouse
Rock'n'roll in Toulouse
Stade Toulousain
municipal Stadium
Southern Radio
Tele Toulouse
Theater of Capitole of Toulouse
Toulouse Football Club
Transport in Toulouse
Public transport of Toulouse
University from Toulouse social I-Sciences
University of Toulouse it Mirail
University Paul Sabatier
Town planning in Toulouse
Black Factory AZF of Toulouse
Virgin of Toulouse
Violet of Toulouse

Toulouse

External bonds

the town hall of Toulouse
the Tourist office of Toulouse
virtual Visit of Toulouse - interactive panoramas with 360°

Gate of Toulouse bonds

the diary of the Toulouse economic networks

Toulouse-directory

Country of Toulouse, gate of the Toulouse country

Toulous' ESA, the Toulouse associative gate

http://www.immodirectnotaires.fr( Toulouse on Petitfuté.com

Phototèque of the city and free directory on the wiki of Toulouse

Toulouse, Tolosa: with discovered of Toulouse

Language

Toulouse Vocabulary of survival

History

old plans of the town of Toulouse
Toulouse Roman
Toulouse and the seat off the city in 1217-18 by Simon de Montfort

Press

Capitole Infos (published by the Town hall of Toulouse)
the Dispatch of the South
Subway
20 Minutes
O Toulouse (in the past group the Dispatch of the South - created to compete with Any Toulouse - Group Le Monde - but does not exist any more. It was repurchased, and replaced by the weekly magazine Gazette of the South, one of the rare publications not to belong to the group the Dispatch)
Satiricon Satirical Journal.

Television

TV Noises
OC-TV
France 3 South
Tele Toulouse
Magazine Hullabaloo

Tourism in Toulouse

Toulouse, carries of Spain, reflection of Italy
Planete-Toulouse.com
Art' Toulouse, to discover the history, the monuments and characters of the city
the chimes of Toulouse
Hôtel the Bell-tower of Rodez, one of the historical hotels of the city (**)
twin Ponts and Channel of the South
Toulouse and the Garonne
exotic Guide of Toulouse
Tilllate France Toulouse

Great projects of the city and the Toulouse agglomeration

a site on the project of road skirting of Toulouse
official site of the cancéropôle
the site of the National Commission of the public debate on the opportunity of the Railway line at High speed between Toulouse and Bordeaux.
the file of the town hall of Toulouse on the nearest arrival of the second underground line in Toulouse (June 2007)
a site which presents the GPV (Great project of city) of Toulouse, presented by the inhabitants of the districts concerned
the site of the project of Natural history museum of Natural history in Toulouse which must open its doors with the autumn 2007
the file of the town hall on the project of the " future garden urbain" place occitane

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