Toponymy of Tie the White

One will find here the places which are used as framework with the various actions of Drawing the White . One can find other toponyms, as in the names of certain characters, but who are not places in which the action proceeds. They will be examined later on.

See too

Characters of '' Drawing the White ''
Characters quoted in '' Drawing the White ''

With

Adalie, the gulf of… lo golf of Satalies (Adalia): Located on the coast of Karamanie, area of Anatolia whose capital was Karaman, old Larende renamed by the emirs [[turcomans] Karamanoglu.
Africa, it… Àfrica.
Acute-Dead, the port of… lo port of Acute-Dead.
Ain Naga Alinac: town of Africa.
Albania, it… Albània.
Albi, the county of… lo comtat of Albí.
Alcazarseguer Alcàscer Seguer, rear: Al-Qasr have-Saghir: `The Petit Palais', in connection with Alcazarquivir (Al-Qasr Al-Kabîr or to el-Ksar-el-Kebir) `the Large palace', in the north of Morocco.
Alexandria Alexandria.
Germany Alemanya.
Turkey-red cotton Andrinòpol.
England Anglaterra.
Arabia Aràbia.
Aragon Aragó.
Arcadie, the city of… the ciutat of Arcàdia.
Arménie, it… Armínia (Armènia).
Arta, it… Arca (Arta).
Arta, the course of… lo course of Arca.
Asia, it… Àsia.
Minor Asia, it… Àsia Menor.
Athens Atenes.
Aulide, the port of… lo port of Aulida.
Austria, it… Estalric.
Avignon Avinyó.

B

Babylon Babilònia: It is about Cairo, of the name that the coptes gave to Old man-Cairo, by deformation undoubtedly of pi-Hapi it, the temple of Hapis with Héliopolis. The crusaders transmitted this name to the Occident to indicate the Christian old city of Cairo.
Beaupuy, the town of the ciutat of Bellpuig: Seaport.
Beauséjour Bellestar.
Benaixi, the county of comtat of Benaixí: Possession of Carmésine. There exists in the Castilian part of the Valencian Country a commune of the name close to Benaixeve.
Berbérie Barberia: Often deformed in Cruelty, indicated the great area of North Africa extending to the Egyptian border, limited on both sides by the sea and the desert.
Beirut Barut (Beirut).
Bornou, the kingdom of… Borno: Of Arabic Barr Nao, “country of Noah”. Old African empire of central Sudan, in the south-west of the lake Chad. Its capital bears the same name.
Bosnia, the ground of will terra it of Bocina (Bosnia).
Candle Bogia.
Bukhara, the city of… the ciutat of Boterna: Boukara appears in chapter 28 of the Voyage around the ground of Jean de Mandeville (cf Tabriz and Samarkand).
Burgundy,… Burgunya (Borgonya).
Cheap Boroughs : Castle of the lord of Bourgsdéserts.
Arm of Saint-Georges, it… lo braç of Sant Jordi: The old Bosphorus of Thrace, today the strait of Dardanelles.
Brittany, the Large one… Gran Bretanya: The current United Kingdom, in opposition to Small Brittany, or continental Brittany.
Brittany, it (Small)… (Petita) Bretanya: Continental Brittany, in opposition to the United Kingdom.

C

Cadiz Calis (Cadis).
Caffa, the port of… lo port of Cafa (Caffa): It was a colony génoise of the Crimea which did not depend on the Byzantine Empire. Its current name is Féodosie.
Calabria,… Calàbria.
Calabria, the duchy of… lo ducat of Calàbria.
Calliste Calistres: Greek island. First name of Théra.
Crystallized Candia: City of the north of the Peak, celebrates for its wine.
Cannes Caned: Hannibal gained there a victory against the Romans into 216.
Canterbury, the town of the ciutat of Conturberi.
Capoue Càpua.
Cappadoce, the city of… the ciutat of Capadòcia.
Caramen, the city of… the ciutat Caramèn: The toponyms in Drawing the White seem always drawn from the real-world. As regards Caramen, it could be a question of a bad reading - by bringing together with Caramany- for an old form of (Al) Qayrawan (Kairouan). On the other hand the situation of these places the ones compared to the others is rather whimsical in the novel. Thus, Kairouan is actually with almost two thousand kilometers of Bornou.
Carthage Cartaina (Cartago).
Carthagène Cartagènia (Cartagena).
Castille,… Castela.
Charki Colcos: Greek island, that the Greeks name Khalkè.
Cyprus, the island of… the illa of Xipre.
Constantine, the port of… lo port of Contestina (Constantina): Constantine (anc. Cirta) is not a port. It is probably here about old Rusicade (Philippeville, currently Skikda), which precisely was used to him as port in Antiquity. It can be also Stora, with three kilometers of Skikda, which appears in chapter 395 of Drawing the White .
Constantinople Constantinoble, Contestinoble.
Cornwall, the kingdom of… lo reign of Cornualla. * Corsica,… Còrsega.
Peak, the island of… the illa of Peaks.

D

Damas Domàs.
Deserted Ermes: City of the lords of Bourgsdéserts.
Dover Dobla, Doble.

E

Scotland, it… Escòcia.
Egypt, it… Egipte.
Empire, it… Imperi: Greek Empire.
Enedast, the territory of… will terra it of Enedast: Unknown territory.
Thorny, valley… Espinosa valley.
Épire, ground of… will terra it of Brina.
religious Hermitage, it… Ermita religiosa.
Spain, it… Espanya.
Spain, the Low one… Espanya the baixa: One believed to see here a reference to Hispania Ulterior of the Romans, while pointing out that actually Valence belonged to Hispania Citerior, whose southern limit passed in the surroundings of Carthagène. One can think that either the author did not know exactly the limits of Hispania Citerior, or it thus indicated the southernmost part of the crown of Aragon, i.e. the kingdom of Valence, the last recovery with the Moslems.
Later Spain, it… Espanya Última: Hispaniæ Citerior and Ulterior are Roman designations, cf Basse Spain.
Ethiopia, it… Etiòpia.

F

Famagouste, the city of… Famagosta: The old capital of the island of Cyprus.
Fez Fes.
Fez, large the mountain of… the grans muntanyes of Fes.
'''Flaxen''': cf Lesbos .
river… which runs up against the mountains of Wales, it… lo gran riu… which to fir has the muntanyes Scales: Sowe, tributary of the Avon, which crosses Warwick.
France,… França.
Plank,… Curled (Frísia).

G

Wales, country of… : lo Principat de Gales.
Wales, mountains of… muntanyes of Scales.
Gallipoli Galípol.
Gibraltar, the strait of… lo estret of Gibaltar (Gibraltar).
Gomorrhe Gomorra.
Greece,… Grècia.
Greenwich Granuïg.
Grenade Granada.

H

Hautefeuille, possession of… the tinença of Altafulla.
Hercules, columns of… columnes of Hèrcules.
Hispanie, it… Hispània.
Hispanie high and low, it… Hispània Alta E baixa: Hispaniæ Citerior & Ulterior of Latin.
Hungary,… Hongria.

I

Ibiza Aivissa (Eivissa).
India, it… Índia.
Ireland, it… Irlanda.
Italy, it… Itàlia: With the Middle Ages, Génois, Lombards and the Venetian ones were generally considered as nationalities different from the remainder of the Italian states. In Drawing the White , Italy returns more particularly to the central areas of the peninsula apennine.

J

Jaffa, the port of… lo port of Jafa.
Jerusalem Jerusalem.
the Jordan, the river… lo riu Jordà.
Judaea, the island of the Thoughts Judea, the illa dels Pensaments: It is thought that it could be a question of Eubée, the island in which Aristote had taken refuge, where he died sadly.

K

Kenilworth, castle of… manor house of Alimburg.

L

Mecque Meca.
Mecque, the holy temple of… lo sant temple of Meca.
Lango, the island of… the illa del Lango: Name which the Greeks and the Italians gave to the island of Cos the Old ones. The Turks call it Stanchio, Stango or Stancou.
Cairo Alcaire: The name of Cairo applies to the part of the city built after the conquest fatimide into 969 and named Al-Kahira, the Victorious one (cf Babylon).
Lemnos : cf Lesbos.
Lérida It.
Lesbos, Paros, Naxos, Scarpanto, Lemnos Tesbrie, Nimocha, Flaxen, Meclotapace: The names given by the Catalan text are completely whimsical. One could see to what they corresponded while referring to the sources of the author, namely Brunetto Latini and Mandeville.
Lisbon Lisbona.
Lombardy,… Lombardia.
London London.
Libya, the kingdom of… lo reign of Líbia.

M

Macedonia, kingdom of… lo realme of Macedònia.
Majorque, the island of… the illa of Mallorca.
Malaga Màlega (Màlaga).
Marseilles Massella (Marsella).
Mauvoisin, the castle of… lo manor house of Malveí.
'''Meclotapace''': cf Lesbos .
Mégare, the city of… the ciutat of Megea.
Major sea,… the mar Major…): Indicate usually the Black Sea, but one gave sometimes also this name to the Mediterranean. * Metz-native Messina.
Mirelapêche Miralpeix: Small town.
Montagathe, the city of… the ciutat of Montàgata: Imaginary name of city, but there exist real places bearing this name, like the Mount Agathe, in Vercors, or the Agde Mount, on banks of the Mediterranean. The Greek Agathe (“good”), taken again in the form agatha by Latin, evolved/moved downtown Agde, of Herault.
Mount To tube, the castle of… lo manor house Mount To tube.
Morée,… Morea.

NR

Nantes Nantes.
Naples Nàpols.
Navarre , ( the kingdom of… ) (lo reign of) Navarra.
Naxos : cf Lesbos.
'''Nimocha''': cf Lesbos.
Notre-Dame, the hermitage of… Ermita de Nostra Gave: The hermitage of Guy' S Cliff, close to the castle of Warwick, that Richard de Beaumont, descendant of Guy, equipped richly.

O

Océane, sea… the mar Oceana.
Olympe Olímpius: Fictitious city (?), different from Olympie which is located in the Peloponnese and not in Macedonia. Martorell makes derive its name from that of the Mont Olympe. If it is about an error by confusion with Olympie, it is due to Mandeville (C. 3).
One, the port of… lo port of One: Old the portulans announces One, which one lost the trace, between the course Figalo and the Muluya river, in Algeria. It could be a question of a bad reading of the Catalan Orà .
Oran Orà.
Oriola, the borough of… the villa of Oriola.
Ortygie Oritige: Greek island. Name which one initially gave to the island of Délos. The same name was given then to an island located on the Eastern coast of Sicily.

P

Palermo Palerm.
Paris París.
Paros : cf Lesbos.
Pélidas, the city of… the ciutat of Pelidas.
Péra, the city of… the ciutat of Pera, or Father: The small town of Péra is on left bank of the Gold Horn, river valley drowned by the sea, whereas Constantinople is on its Right Bank.
Persian, the kingdom of lo reign of Pèrsia.
Phison, the large river… lo gran flum of Fison: According to the legend, Phison is one of the four large rivers which sprinkled the terrestrial paradise. One compared it to Gange, without much certainty. It is quoted by Mandeville like Samarkand beam. But the river which crosses this city is Sogde.
Pinchenais, country of… will terra it dels Pinxenais.
Pisa, the city of… the ciutat of Rammed.
Poland,… Apol·lònia (Polònia).
Portugal, it… Portugal.
Puy in France, it… lo Puig de França: The famous monastery of Notre-Dame of the Puy-en-Velay, in the Haute-Loire, high place of pilgrimage to the Middle Ages; cf the Puy-en-Velay.
Piombino Pumblí (Piombino).

R

Rafal Rafal: Village located close to Tunis.
Reggio, the city of… the ciutat of Ríjols: Reggio of Calabria.
Rhodos, the island of… the illa of Grind.

the Rhone, it… lo Roine.

Romanie, the channel of… lo channel of Romania: The Dardanelles, Stops-D' Avie de Muntaner.

Rome' Roma.

Castling Salted, the castle of… lo manor house of Roca Salada.

Rouen, the city of… the ciutat of Roam.

S

Sheba Sabea}: At the time medieval showing that a thing was of exquisite fragrance and very pleasant flavor, one said that it came from Sheba. One finds of them examples in the '' Géorgiques '' and the '' Énéide ''. * Safra, the borough of… the villa of Safra: Not far from Tunis. There exists a hamlet of this name in the commune of Monòver (Valleys del Vinalopó, in the Valencian Country), with the S-O of the city.
Saint-Angel, the county of… lo comtat of Sant Àngel: The name of Sant' Angelo appears in chapter 238 of the Almogavres of Muntaner. It seems to correspond to an area on the Bosphorus.
Holy-Claire, the monastery of… lo to monestir of Santa Clara.
Sainte-Fontaine Makes Santa.
Holy-Marie-Madeleine, the hermitage of… the ermita of Santa Maria Magdalena.
Holy-Sophie, the cathedral… the gran església of Santa Sofia.
Saint-Georges, the city of… the ciutat of Sant Jordi.
Saint-Jacques-with-Compostelle Sant Jaume de Galícia.
Saint-Jean-of-Lateran, ( the church… ) (the esglesia of) sant Joan of, It.
Saint-Pierre, the castle of… lo manor house of Sant Father: The castle of Saint-Pierre is drawn up at the place of old Halicarnasse, the current Turkish port of Bodrum. Although not being on the island of Rhodes, it depended on the knights of this kind, who were the builders. It was taken by the Othomans in 1523.
Saint-Thomas-of-Canterbury Sant Tomàs de Conturberi.
Saint-Vincent, the course… lo course of Sant Vicent.
Solomon, the temple of… lo temple of Salamó.
Salonique, the kingdom of… lo Salònic.
Samarkand the ciutat of Senoreiant: Samarkand appears in chapter 28 of the Voyage around the ground of Jean de Mandeville. (cf Tabriz and Boukara)
Soaps, the port of… lo port of Saona (Soaped). * Scarpanto : cf Lesbos .
Will be, the city of… the ciutat of Will be: In Ethiopia in the novel.
Serbia, ground of… will terra it of Foixa (Serbia).
Sicily,… Sicília.
Sidon Sidònia.
Sigée, the port of… lo port of Gigeo: Old Sigeum, on the headland of the same name, in Troade, where according to the legend the tumulus of Achilles and Patrocle were. Today Yéni-schéher.
Sinopolis, the city and the castle of… the ciutat E lo manor house of Sinòpoli: Or Sinope.
Slavonia,… 'the Esclavònia (Eslavònia).
Sodome Sodoma.
Southampton, the port of… port of Antona.
Spertine Espertina: Invented city of the island of Lango, starting from the name of the name of the Spercius knight.
Stagire, the city of… ciutat of Estranges: The fatherland of Aristote.
Stora, the port of… lo port of Estora: Port Algerian, with three kilometers in the North-West of Skikda (Philippeville), created by Phéniciens and dedicated to their goddess of the love Astarté or Ashtoreth (from where Astora then Stora), Venus phenician.
Strènes, the city of… the ciutat of Estrenes: Some think that the origin of this toponym could be Stavro, the more recent form of Stagire, the village where was born Aristote, which appears in chapter 458. But in the novel, the two cities are distinct.
Syria,… Sòria, Suria (Síria).

T

Tabriz, the city of… the ciutat of Tauris: Tabriz appears in chapter 16 of the Voyage around the ground of Jean de Mandeville (cf Samarkand and Boukara).
Tangier , ( the port of… ) (lo port of) Tànger.
Tariffed Tarifa.
'''Tesbrie''': cf Lesbos .
Thrace,… Tàrcia (Tràcia).
Tiger, the river… lo riu Tigris.
Tiragne, the walk of… the marca of Tirània: Fictitious ground of the father of Tie the White.
Tlemcen Tremicèn, Tremicè.
Torine, the city of… the ciutat of Turina.
Tuscan,… Toscana.
Trasimène, the river… lo riu Transimeno, Trasimeno: This Italian lake of Ombrie, located at the west of Perugia, which saw the victory of Hannibal over the Roman consul Flaminius Nepos (217 av. J. - C.), is transformed into river of Asia Mineure.
Trasimène, the port of… lo port of Transimeno.
Trébie Trèbia: River of Lombardy.
Trébizonde, the city of… the ciutat of Trapasonda (Trebisonda): Important port since Antiquity, today Trabzon. Before even the fall of Constantinople in 1204, Alexis and David Comnène, grandsons of the emperor Andronic I^er, founded in Trébizonde an empire which was to remain until 1461. * Tripoli of Syria Trípol (Trípoli) of Suria.
Troglodyte, the city of… the ciutat of Trogodita: In the real-world, it is not a city but an area of the North-East of Africa, in the north of Ethiopia. The Old ones had made of it the place of dwelling of imaginary people, the Troglodytes, considered without laws.
Troy Troia.
Tunis, ( the city of… ) (the ciutat of) Tunis.
Tunis, the kingdom of… lo reign of Tunis.
Turkey,… Turquia.

U

Ultimate West, it… Últim Ponent: The end of the Occident, i.e. Brittany.

V

Valachie, the province of… the província of Blagai: Indicate in Drawing the White , as at Muntaner, the area of Thessalie, and not Valachie Rumanian current.
Valbonne, a vast plain which one called… una gran planícia which will era nomenada Vallbona.
Valence Valencia.
Valley of the delights,… Valley delitosa: Residence of king de Tlemcen.
Undulating Valona: This port city, now Albanian and called Vlora, was known in Antiquity under the name of Aulon, which took several forms, according to the times or the places: Avlona, Valona, Undulating, Vlonë, Vlora… This port is far from Constantinople, but it is true that it was one of the principal outlets of the road of the Adriatic at the imperial city.
Venice Venècia.
Venice, the gulf of… lo golf of Venècia: Martorell seems to give the name of gulf of Venice, located all at the north of the Adriatic, all this sea, and even at the sea Ionienne which prolongs it.
Vidin, ground of… will terra it of Bendín: City of the North-West of Bulgaria, on Right Bank of the Danube, old Bononia.

W

Warwick, the city of… the ciutat of Vàroic.
Windsor, the castle of… lo manor house of Óndisor.

Z

Zamora Çamora (Zamora): Martorell confuses the famous head office of Zamora, which goes back to 1072, and that of Numance, in 133 av. J. - C., which opposed the Roman general Scipion Émilien to the arévaques inhabitants celtibères of the city, who resisted the domination of Rome.

Random links: