Tony Blair

Youth and family

Tony Blair was born with Edinburgh in Scotland, he is the second wire of Leo Blair and his wife Hazel ( born Corscadden).

His/her father studied the right and became lawyer. Although having had sympathies Communist S in its youth, it militated then for the Conservative party. Whereas it ambitionnait to become appointed, an heart attack embanked it whereas the Tony young person was not 11 years old.

From Anglican confession, Tony Blair began her schooling with Adélaïde in Australia, and continued it with the Chorister School with Durham, then with the Fettes College in Edinburgh. After the college he studied the right to the St John' S College with Oxford. During its years at the university, he played of the guitar and sang in a group named the Ugly Rumors. After its diploma, it was engaged as a lawyer at Derry Irvine, which became later Lord Chancelier. It is in this cabinet that it met his future wife Cherie Booth.

He saw a few years in France exerting the trade of Barman, then working with the insurances GAN, which gives him a certain ease with the language French E.

Tony Blair and Cherie Booth married on March 29th, 1980. The couple has four children: three wire and a girl. It is anglo-catholic but is not particularly monk.

Beginning in policy

Opposition

After having obtained its diploma for the occupation of lawyer in 1975, it joined the Workers party (Ploughing Party). It failed the elections of the Parliament in 1982 obtaining only 10% of the votes. But it impressed nevertheless the leader of the party Michael Foot.

In 1983, it succeeds in gaining the seat of the district of Sedgefield, close to Durham the city where it grew, in the North-East of England. It then formed part of the reforming current of the party.

Once elected, its rise was fast and in 1988, it belonged to the " Shadow cabinet " as a secretary with energy then with employment. It then started a migration towards positions less on the left.

John Smith the leader of the workers party died suddenly in 1994. Blair and Gordon Brown were regarded as possible applicants. They would have concluded an agreement to take the head of the Workers party: the first would be Prime Minister whereas the second would become Chancellor of the Exchequer (Minister for the Economy). Their victory was favoured in particular by the novel mode of poll, that Blair had contributed to work out. Blair was elected chief of the workers party on July 21st, 1994.

Chief of the workers party

Shortly after its election, Blair announced her intention to change the charter of the party which went back to 1918 by removing the socialist clauses typically like the pooling of the means of production and summarized the new face of the party by the expression New Labor . Helped by the difficulties of the government of John Major, it gained high the hand the elections on May 1st 1997 and took its functions the following day. At 43 years, Blair became thus the youngest Prime Minister since Lord Liverpool in 1812.

Prime Minister

First mandate (1997-2001)

Interior policy

Independence of the Bank of England

After his election, the Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown gave to the Banque of England his independence, with the control of interest rate. This decision was popular in the mediums of London finance that the Ploughing courted since the years 1990. In the same way the government followed during its first two years the plans of expenditure envisaged by the conservatives, thus reassuring the people who feared that Labor rhyme with expenditure and deficits.

Communication and media

At the beginning of her mandate, Tony Blair organized her cabinet, with her secretary of press, and carries word official Alastair Campbell. Discussed Alastair Campbell had the permission to give orders to the civils servant, who did not obey solely before the ministers. It is as the first time as this station was not held by a civil servant. In spite of its political role, it was paid on public funds.

Peace process in Northern Ireland

One of great successes of Tony Blair was the signature, on April 10th, 1998, of the agreement of Belfast known under the name of the “Accord of the Good Friday” (“Good Friday Agreement”). Negotiations aiming at supporting peace in Northern Ireland, process started with the predecessor John Major, but who had failed with the end of the cease-fire of the WILL GO in the middle of the years 1990. With the agreement of Belfast, the principal parties of Northern Ireland, as well as the Irish and English governments negotiated in order to propose an exclusively democratic and peaceful framework in Northern Ireland, with new political institutions in the province.

Constitutional changes

The first mandate of Blair was also a period of change at the constitutional level. The law on the human rights was voted in 1998 ( Human Rights Act ), the Ecossais Parliament as that of Wales were established. Tony Blair withdrew the majority of the Lords who had their titles off in a hereditary way of the House of Lords in 1999 by the House Lords Act. As from 2000, it created the post of mayor of London. It made vote the law of the freedom of information the same year which was set up during the decade.

Legislations

The legislation concerning the gays, lesbians and transvestites changed during the mandate of Tony Blair. The age of sexual majority was thus lowered to 16 years for the gays and the latter were not prohibited any more of army. In 2005, a law recognized the homosexual couples (30 000 British signed these contracts). The adoption discussed by the homosexual ones was authorized, and discriminations in the work world due to Homosexualité were prohibited. In 2004, the transsexuals obtained the right to change sex and to modify their certificate of birth consequently ( Gender Recognition Act ).

Foreign politics

War of Kosovo

In 1999, Tony Blair organized and chaired the declaration of the Guerre of Kosovo. Whereas it was in the opposition, Tony Blair had criticized the lack of clearness of the conservatives at the time of the Guerre of Bosnia, it then organized a hard policy of NATO against Slobodan Milošević. Blair was criticized by the left wing of her peaceful party, against the principle even of the war, and the others which regarded the war carried out by the Serb ones as a case of self-defense.

Blair doctrines

One month later Blair made on April 22nd, 1999 a speech in Chicago “the doctrines of the international community” which was regarded by much as “the Blair doctrines”.

Second mandate (2001-2005)

At the time of the election of 2001, the workers party accentuates its majority. Since the 2003, Tony Blair became Labor the Prime Minister having greatest longevity at this station (it beat the record of Harold Wilson which exerted these functions between 1964 and 1970).

At the time of the election of 2001, Tony Blair made her countryside on the public services, in particular on the Social security and the system of education. Conservatives as for them having concentrated their criticisms on the refusal of the euro. The Ploughing largely gained the elections making of Tony Blair the first member of the Labor Party gain two elections of continuation.

Interior policy.

Public services

After the elections of 2001, Blair increased the taxes in order to reinforce the public services, in particular for health and education. The government introduces the autonomisation of the financing of the public hospitals, however a controversy with Gordon Brown occurred on the problems of deficits that caused, limiting the autonomy of financing of the hospitals.

The peace process in Northern Ireland

It had to face a certain number of problems. Thus, the Good Friday Agreement was suspended, the disarmament of the WILL GO not having been crowned success. Moreover, the Unioniste democratic party replaced more moderated Unioniste party of Ulster. In the same way, the SDLP was replaced by the Sinn Féin.

In 2003, it faced a crisis with the suicide of the doctor David Kelly, who criticized Tony Blair, in particular at the time of the war in Iraq, affirming that this one was not justified. An attempt at impeachment was launched but did not succeed.

European Union

In April 2004, Blair announced her will to make ratify the European constitution by way chief clerk, however the not with the French and Dutch European constitution and its abandonment put an end to the debate concerning any possibility of reform. During its second mandate, Blair was the object of protests, and at the time of its speech to the Ploughing it was stopped several times, like criticized by members of Parliament.

Ecology

In September 2004, Blair made a speech on the “urgent problem” of the environment, supporting the will to tax the emissions with CO₂.

Foreign politics

According to the events September 11th, 2001, Blair followed closely the American diplomacy.

War of Afghanistan

At the time of the war of Afghanistan. It had an active diplomatic policy moving in many countries. It accepted decorations in the United States for its support for the the United States.

War in Iraq

Tony Blair gave a support without fault to George W. Bush US president at the time of the war in Iraq in 2003. He becomes the spokesperson of the the United States, being opposed to the French president Jacques Chirac, leader of the opposition to the war. Regarded as more persuasive than Bush, Blair gave many arguments in order to reverse Saddam Hussein.

The sales leaflet for the war in Iraq was founded on the presence of weapons of massive destruction which violated the resolutions of the the United Nations. A memorandum between July 2002 and April 2005 showed that Tony Blair believed in the support of the British population for the war in Iraq. September 24th, 2004, the government published a file of the CIA which was to prove the massive existence of weapons of destruction. File which appeared false.

Part of the members of the Ploughing were critical, but Blair affirmed that this file was true. The secretary of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, affirmed in September 2004 that the invasion was “illegal”. In October 2005, Great Britain sent on request of the United States more soldiers in Iraq, and Tony Blair tried to use of her influence in order to persuade the United States to solve the Israeli conflict.

Third mandate (2005-2007)

It is with 4:30 (London time), the day of sound 52e birthday (May 6th, 2005]]) that Tony Blair learns that its party, the Ploughing, gained the election of the day before. It is the first time, in the history of the United Kingdom, that it [[Workers party (the United Kingdom) Workers party]] obtains the absolute majority of the seats with [[House of Commons]], for the third consecutive time. ==== Politics foreign ==== =====G8 and presidency of the European Union ===== Tony Blair assumes the president's functions of the Council of the heads of state and government of [[European Union]] (the Council) of the {{July 1st}} with [[December 31st]] [[2005]]. After the refusal of the constitution by France and the Netherlands, Jack Straw (Foreign Minister) and Tony Blair announced the unlimited suspension of the ratification of the constitution. Blair known as: “I believe in Europe as a political project, I believe in strong Europe which takes into account the social aspects”. At the time of several meetings, Chirac and Schröder made pressures so that the United Kingdom removes its reduction obtained by Thatcher in 1984. After months of debates, on June 18th, 2005, during the looping of the budget of [[European Union]] the 2007-2013, Blair refused to renegotiate the budget as long as the CAP would not be called into question, which represents more than 44% of the budget of the EU. There was no change of the CAP and there was no agreement on the budget at the time of the Luxembourg presidency. An agreement took place finally which increased the British contributions to the budget with the development of the European Union. ====Politic interior ==== ===== Olympic Games of 2012 in London ===== July 6th, 2005, the 117 {{E}} session of the international Olympic committee with [[Singapore]] take place in order to indicate the city which would accommodate the OJ. Paris and London were the two finalists; London gained, undoubtedly helped by the presence of Tony Blair who defended London with the session of the CIO, as affirmed it Patrick Hickey Irish member of the CIO http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/main.jhtml?xml=/sport/2005/07/07/sofron07.xml . ===== Attacks of London in 2005 ===== The shortly after the results giving to London the candidature of [[Olympic Games]], on July 7th, 2005, London was victim of terrorist attacks. A series of four bombs exploded in public transport London at the time of the rush hour. 56 people died and 700 were wounded. It was the most fatal attack since the attack against plane 103 of Side the Am in 1988, and most fatal in London since [[Second world war]]. Blair then made into full G8 a statement asking the British to show their resistance vis-a-vis the terrorist acts, affirming her determination to defend the English lifestyle vis-a-vis [[terrorism]]. July 21st, 2005, a second series of explosion took place in London, two weeks after the attacks of July 7th, 2005. Much less effective than the first series attack, it aimed at sowing panic at the Londoners. A survey of the '' Guardian '' watch that 64% of the British consider that these attacks were mainly related to the war in Iraq. However, the British opinion made block behind Tony Blair. In December 2005, Tony Blair was introduced like the statesman of the decade by the deck chair [[think tank]] '' EstWest Institute ''. Following these events, Tony Blair proposed a law much more severe and giving to the police force important capacities of interrogation, going up to 90 days for the terrorist suspects. However, a dispute took place within the members of Parliament of the Ploughing who amended the text. It was the first time that the authority of Tony Blair was called into question within the Parliament since its election in 1997, calling in question its leadership. =====Réforme of education in 2006===== =====Débat on the port of the voile===== The minister of Tony Blair, [[Jack Straw]] started a polemic on the veil in October 2006, asking the women who spoke to him to remove their [[Niqab]] (Moslem Veil which hides the face) when they spoke to him. Tony Blair affirmed whereas he thought that it [[Niqab]] was a " mark séparation". It also supported the council of [[Kirkless]] which had suspended [[Aishah Azmi]] of its functions of educational assistant to have refused to take off its veil at the school. Then launching a debate on the port of the veil to Great Britain. ==== Renunciation of the post of Prime Minister and leader of the Ploughing ==== ==== Scandal of the " Cash for Honors" ==== In {{date March 2006}}, whereas the next elections are awaited in [[2009]] or [[2010]], the speculations on its future go good progress, following various polemics on secret loans granted by business men to [[Workers party]]. However it does not give, in spite pressure, at all the impression to want to hasten the making of the capacities to the profit of [[Gordon Brown]], which piaffe of impatience. Certain experts also lent to him, the intention to want to beat the record of longevity of [[Margaret Thatcher]], which had remained with the capacity 11 years and half. Tony Blair announced the {{date May 10th, 2007}} which it was going to leave its station on June 27th, after designation of a new chief of the workers party. ==== Departure ==== [[June 27th]] [[2007]], British the Prime Minister goes to [[palate of Buckingham]] to officially present his resignation to the queen [[Elisabeth II of the United Kingdom Elisabeth II]]. Its successor, [[Gordon Brown]], established chief of [[Ploughing]] it [[June 24th]], is automatically designated Prime Minister. Tony Blair chose to bid her political farewell at the Parliament where it was lengthily ovationné, which, according to the analysts, is new. == Carrière after the post of Prime Minister == === Emissary of [[Four-bit byte]] in the Middle East === Tony Blair was named emissary for the Middle East of [[Four-bit byte]], this abstract organization which gathers, on the israélo-Palestinian file, it [[European Union]], it [[Russia]], them [[the United States]] and it [[United Nations UNO]]. Tony Blair thus will become a mediator between Israéliens and Palestinians, perhaps starting again it [[Roadmap for peace roadmap]], plan of payment of [[israélo-Palestinian conflict]] resulting from the Four-bit byte Article of the newspaper [[Le Monde]] announcing the nomination of Tony Blair, http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3214,36-928564@51-924316,0.html . Certain thus see for Tony Blair a possibility there of starting again the dialog between the two people, but also of being able to change its image considered by much as anti-Moslem woman (because of war in Iraq). Tony Blair was always favorable to the existence of a Palestinian State. == Critiques == Tony Blair was criticized for her alliance with George W. Bush US president and her policy in the Middle East, as well for her control of the war in Iraq, as in 2006 at the time of the conflict Israélo Libanais like her position on the conflict Israel Palestine. Blair is also criticized to have diverted erroneous important information making them Critic of J. Major, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2003/10/24/nmajor24.xml . Blair was thus the first head of government of the United Kingdom to be questioned by police officers during her mandate. Criticisms were also emitted against Tony Blair who by her laws anti-terrorists would have decreased the civil liberties, increasing authoritarianism, by the reinforcement of the capacities of the police force, files DNA…. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4838684.stm ===Présidentialisme=== Tony Blair is criticized not to pay enough attention to the various opinions of the members of her cabinet as well as opinions of the Parliament. He was thus criticized for his attitude of head of government who seems more to be that of a Head of State, having a “presidential” style article ironic of The Guardian on “president Blair” http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,3604,1004735,00.html . ===Relation with the === United States Tony Blair always was very near to the US presidents, but it is with [[George W. Bush]] that the relations will be very close in particular in the international relations. [[Nelson Mandela]] describing even Blair like the Minister for the businesses foreign of the United States. Blair was often called the “poodle of George Bush”. On its side George W. Bush affirmed after September 11th that “America did not have truer friends than Great Britain. ” Discours of Bush on the site of the White House http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html . This relation seriously deteriorated the image of Blair among English, who was not favorable to the war in Iraq. === Relations with Labor=== The apparent refusal of Blair to fix a date for its departure was criticized by the British press and members of Parliament. A certain number of people, whose ministers of its government found convenient that Tony Blair leaves the capacity in order to gain the following elections marked by a reinforcement of the conservatives in the surveys. Its refusal to announce its departure at summer the object of criticism which one thorough to announce during the summer 2006 qu' it would leave the capacity before one year. === Néo-Thatcher=== Tony Blair is criticized by the left wing of her party to be “a neoconservator”, or “néo- [[Thatcher]]” in spite of the fact that it follows industrial relations policies such as the minimum service or of measurements to reduce the poverty of the children. Thus this one is sometimes described because of “wire of Thatcher” because of its right-wing policies of management and economic. This parallel is due partly to the fact that Tony Blair himself affirms to have admiration for Thatcher. ===Relation with the Nations européennes=== Tony Blair played an important role in the widening of [[European Union]] from the 15 to 27, supporting the opening of Europe as well as the will to develop the free competition within the Union. Finally Blair had relations very close to the statesmen of right-hand side like [[Silvio Berlusconi]], [[Angela Merkel]], [[Jose Maria Aznar]], or more recently, the French president [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]. === Relation with [[Rupert Murdoch]] === The close relationships with Rupert Murdoch, owner of many media in Great Britain were the object of criticism on the independence of the press. == Divers == * The title of courtesy of Tony Blair is “[[the very honourable one]]”. * In 1999, it accepted it [[Charlemagne price]] German for its defense of the European ideal and the defense of peace in Europe. == Références == == Œuvres == * {{in}} Blair, Tony (2003). '' Iraq' S Weapons off Farmhouse Destruction: The Assessment off the British Government '' Diane Publishing, ISBN 0-7567-3102-X * {{in}} Blair, Tony (2002). '' The Courage off Our Convictions '' Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0603-4 * {{in}} Blair, Tony (2000). '' Superpower: Not Superstate? (Federal Trust European Essays) '' Federal Trust for Education & Research, ISBN 1-903403-25-1 * {{in}} Blair, Tony (1998). ''The Third Way: New Politics for the New Century '' Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0588-7 * {{in}} Blair, Tony (1998). ''Leading the Way: New Vision for Local Government '' Institute for Public Policy Research, ISBN 1-86030-075-8 * {{in}} Blair, Tony (1997). '' New Britain: My Vision off has Young Country '' BASIC Books, ISBN 0-8133-3338-5 * {{in}} Blair, Tony (1995). '' Let Custom Future Face the '' Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0571-2 * {{in}} Blair, Tony (1994). ''What Price Safe Society?'' Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0562-3 * {{in}} Blair, Tony (1994). '' Socialism '' Fabian Society, ISBN 0-7163-0565-8 == Bibliographie == [http://www.cerium.ca/article305.html Which does remain Cool Britannia? The United Kingdom after eight years of Blair government] Thirty academics British, French, American and Québécois offer a radiography of the policies and Blair style after two mandates, in May 2005. With bonds towards the texts and the vidéos. ==Liens externes== * {{Fr}} [http://pm.gov.uk/output/Page12526.asp Biography] on the site of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom == Voir also == {{Commons}} * [[Humphrey (cat) Humphrey]], the cat of [[10 Downing Street]] * [[List of the current leaders]] {{Prime Minister the United Kingdom avant= [[John Major]] après= [[Gordon Brown]] période= [[1997]] - [[2007]]}} {{Prime Minister of the United Kingdom}} {{Bond BA zh}} {{DEFAULTSORT: Blair, Anthony Charles Lynton}} [[Category: Birth in 1953]] [[Category: British Prime Minister]] [[Category: Personality of the Workers party (the United Kingdom)]] [[Category: War in Iraq (2003-2006)]] [[rear: تونيبلير]] [[ast: Tony Blair]] [[az: Toni Bleyer]] [[Be: Блэр, Тоні]] [[bg: ТониБлеър]] [[bn: টোনিব্লেয়ার]] [[Br: Tony Blair]] [[bs: Tony Blair]] [[Ca: Tony Blair]] [[Cs: Tony Blair]] [[cy: Tony Blair]] [[da: Tony Blair]] [[of: Tony Blair]] [[el: Τόνι Μπλερ]] [[in: Tony Blair]] [[eo: Tony Blair]] [[be: Tony Blair]] [[and: Tony Blair]] [[have: Tony Blair]] [[F: تونیبلر]] [[fi: Tony Blair]] [[ga: Tony Blair]] [[Gd: Tony Blair]] [[gl: Tony Blair]] [[Steam Generator: Tony Blair]] [[He: טוניבלייר]] [[hi: टोनीब्लेयर]] [[hr: Tony Blair]] [[hu: Tony Blair]] [[ia: Tony Blair]] [[id: Tony Blair]] [[io: Tony Blair]] [[is: Tony Blair]] [[it: Tony Blair]] [[ja: トニー・ブレア]] [[ka: ტონიბლერი]] [[KB: 토니블레어]] [[ku: Tony Blair]] [[kw: Tony Blair]] [[it: Antonius Blair]] [[Li: Tony Blair]] [[lt: Tony Blair]] [[lv: Tonijs Blērs]] [[semi: Tony Blair]] [[mk: ТониБлер]] [[Mr.: टोनीब्लेर]] [[ms: Tony Blair]] [[nl: Tony Blair]] [[N: Tony Blair]] [[No: Tony Blair]] [[oc: Tony Blair]] [[pl: Tony Blair]] [[pms: Tony Blair]] [[Pt: Tony Blair]] [[rm: Tony Blair]] [[ro: Tony Blair]] [[Ru: Блэр, ЭнтониЧарлзЛинтон]] [[SNA: Tony Blair]] [[sco: Tony Blair]] [[HS: Tony Blair]] [[simple: Tony Blair]] [[sk: Tony Blair]] [[SSL: Tony Blair]] [[sq: Tony Blair]] [[Sr: ТониБлер]] [[sv: Tony Blair]] [[your: டோனிபிளேர்]] [[tg: ТонӣБлер]] [[HT: โทนีแบลร์]] [[tr: Tony Blair]] [[the U.K.: БлерТоні]] [[ur: ٹونیبلیئر]] [[VI: Tony Blair]] [[yi: טאניבלער]] [[zh: 托尼·布莱尔]] [[zh-min-nan: Tony Blair]] [[zh-yue: 貝理雅

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