Tabriz تبریز of the province of the Eastern Azerbaïdjan is the capital, in the North-West of the Iran (Iranian Azerbaïdjan). It is on the course of the river Talkheh (also called Aji-Chāi), close to the Lac of Orumieh, near the borders of the République of Azerbaidjan and the Arménie.

History

The origin of the city is surrounded by legends and of mystery, however, the researchers can affirm that the first reference made to Tabriz is reproduced on a stone shelf of the time of Sargon, an Assyrian king . The shelf refers to a place called Château of Tauri and Tarmkis, whose historians think that they were located at the site of current Tabriz. Tabriz was the capital of the area almost without stopping between and the time Ilkhanide, being replaced during a short moment by Maragheh. It is under the reign of Ilkhanides (1270 - 1305) that Tabriz knew the peak of its glory, since the Ilkhanides sovereigns as Ghazan made build many monuments and attracted many artists and intellectuals.

In 1392, at the end of the reign of the Mongolian , Tamerlan puts the city at bag. It was quickly rebuilt by the Aq Qoyunlu (between 1469 and 1502), a local dynasty turkmene. The Safavides take Tabriz in 1501 and make of it their capital, which will be between 1502 and 1548 the capital of Iran before being moved with Qazvin then with Ispahan. As from this time, and until the 19th century, the city knows a rather marked decline because of the frequent attacks of the Othoman then Russian . Besides the Russians will occupy the city at the time of the wars perso-Russian and the city will be returned to Iran after the signature of the Traité of Turkmanchai.

The city becomes princely residence under the dynasty Qajar, and finds its prosperity starting from second half of the 19th century, when Iran starts to open in the Occident. Indeed, the town of Tabriz then becomes a point of passage between the interior of Iran and the Black Sea.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the city becomes the most important center of opposition to Mohammad Ali Shah at the time of the constitutional Révolution of Iran, movement led to Tabriz by Sattar Khan and Bagher Khan.

The Russians (and the Soviet Union) occupied the city on several occasions, in particular following the first and of the second world war.

Culture

See also: Azeri

Tabriz is the capital of the Iranian Azerbaïdjan and its population is mainly Azeri, speaking the Azeri , a Turkish language. The culture of the Azeris is turco-Iranian woman.

Monuments

So much of historic buildings were destroyed by the earthquakes, other famous historical places are visited each year by thousands of Iranian and foreign tourists.

Goli Shah

Chagoli or Ilgôli is one of the tourist attractions of the town of Tabriz. This monument, whose date of construction is unknown, but which was repaired at the time of Abbas Mirza, is located in the middle of a large swimming pool and is a public place of walk, since the years 1930.

Mosques

See also: blue Mosque of Tabriz

Construction in 1465 of the blue mosque ( Masjed-e Kaboud , also called Firouz Eslam ) goes back to 1465, by Djahan Shâh, chief of a dynasty turkmene. It is the diversity and the smoothness of earthenware as well as the coordination of the colors made the celebrity of this monument.

The principal mosque of Tabriz made up of rooms and harems is built on octagonal columns, whose architecture is allotted to Abdollah Ibn Améri.

The mosque Saheb Alamr located in direction of the avenue Daraï de Tabriz on the northern coast of the Bazaar, was built at the time of Shâh Tahmasb, and has of two large minarets and a dome.

Bazaar

Tabriz is famous for its Bazar S. The bazaar of Tabriz would be the longest bazaar in the world (approximately 3 km out of 2, are a surface of several km ²). The score of courses covered which constitute it, the architectural style and the diversity of the gravers appear among the apparent aspects of this bazaar. It was one of the great shopping malls of the country. Nowadays, it remains the most active shopping mall of the north-western area of Iran. It also constitutes one of the cultural heritages of the country with markets with multicoloured spices, flowers dried to make infusions, dry lemons, curry or of the stones aphrodisiacs which one grates to reduce them out of powder to be swallowed. It also comprises a tender with the jewels and a market with carpets, similar to truths tables of painting.

Museums

There are five museums with Tabriz:
  1. the Museum of the Constitution of the town of Tabriz (1996)
  2. the Museum of archeology of the province of Eastern Azerbaidjan (1962)
  3. the Museum of natural history of Tabriz
  4. the Museum of the currency and glass of the town of Maraqeh
  5. the Museum of the professor Shahriar

Others

The tomb Alshôaraa (" mausoleum of the poétes"), located street Séghatoislam, on the northern coast of the tomb of Seyed Hamzé Gourestani, was also fall it from the majority of the poets of this area. In addition, fall it from the one of the large contemporary poets Iranian, Shahri' yâr, is in this monument. Assadi Toussi, Ghatran Tabrizi, Hamam Tabrizi and Falaki Shirvani appear among other poets who are buried in this monument.

In the district Bilankouh de Tabriz two tombs are belonging one to Kamal Odin Mohammad Massoud Khadjandi, poet of 8th and 9th centuries of the hégire, and other Kamalodine painter and miniaturist of the 10th century of the hégire. There exists also another tomb allotted to the one of the children of the Imam Ali, which is located at the top of the fortress of Sarkhab, in the mountains of Inal and Zinal, whose architecture goes up at the time Ilkhani.

Teaching

  1. University of technology Sahand

  2. University of medical sciences Tabriz
  3. University of trainings of the professors de Tabriz
  4. University of Tabriz (site)
  5. free Islamic university of Tabriz
  6. University of Islamic arts of Tabriz
  7. University of Nabi Akram
  8. University Payam-e Noor de Tabriz

The city accommodates also the National library of Tabriz.

the school Roshdiye is the first modern Iranian school. It is currently used to accommodate the service of the teaching of Tabriz. the American school of Tabriz was opened at the beginning of the 19th century by American missionaries. After the second world war this school changed name to become the Parvin college, under the control of the Iranian minister of education.

Industry

Heavy industry

Tabriz is one of the most industrial cities of Iran. Local industries produce cement, machine tools, vehicles and chemicals. Here some of the major producers of Tabriz:

  • Sazi-e-Tabriz Machine, producer of machine tools

  • Company of manufacture of tractors of Iran, producing various types of vehicles
  • Complex Petrochemical of Tabriz
  • Oil refinery of Tabriz

Industry of the chocolate

Tabriz is known for its food industry, in particular for the Chocolat, which is worth to him its nickname of city of the chocolate in Iran. Here some of the most famous chocolate producers of Tabriz:

  • Aidin (Dadash Baradar Co.)

  • ANATA (Nejati Industrial Group)
  • Shirin Asal Co.
  • Chichak (Iran chocolate Co.)
  • Aysuda (Shokouh Shad Shanjan Co.)

Tabrizis famous

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