Synagog of Gabin (1710-1939)

The synagog out of wooden of Gabin was destroyed by the troops Nazis like tens of others in Poland during the Second world war.

History

Synagogs out of wooden

The Juifs settled in the Republic of Poland and Lithuania (which roughly recovers the current territories of Poland, of Lithuania, of the Bielorussia and the Ukraine) massively as from the 15th century, fleeing persecutions of Western Europe, Germany and Czechoslovakia. If the Jewish Bourgeoisie chooses to be established preferably in large the Ville S, the small people, mainly made up of craftsmen, commercial and Colporteur S settle in the Campagne S either by creating Jewish districts in the already existing Village S, or by creating true Jewish villages, the Shtetl.

The Polish countryside then sees building a very great number of Synagog S, several thousands, some hones some, but especially in Bois. Poland of then is a strongly timbered country and constructions timber for the dwellings as for the public edifices, in spite of the big risks of Incendie are majority.

The richness of the community is reflected in the dimension of the synagog, its interior installation and by the sumptuousness of its liturgical objects.

XVII {{E}} at the 20th century, the very many Pogrom S which destroys most of the Jewish communities of Poland, generally starts with the fire of the synagog. In 1648 - 49 at the time of the Massacre S by the Cossacks of Khmelniyski, at the time of the incursions of the Swedish, the Turks, the Russian , during popular risings of 1831 and 1863, and even at the time of the pogroms during the First World War, of the thousands of synagogs are destroyed. So that between the two World wars, there nothing any more but exists hardly more than one hundred of synagogs out of wooden in Poland.

The synagog of Gabin

Gabin (Gąbin in Polish; German Gombin in ) is a town of Poland, Voïvodie de Mazovie, county of Plock, located at 123 km in the North-West of Warsaw. It is located on the river banks Nida. Currently it counts 4 230 inhabitants.

The Jewish community of Gabin dates from second half of the 16th century. With the Census of 1861, Gabin has 2 624 inhabitants including 1 909 Jews. In 1877, out of the 5 834 inhabitants, about the half are Jewish.

The synagog out of wooden is built in 1710 and restored of 1893 with 1911. Before the Second world war, she is regarded by the Polish State as a Historic building, integral part of the cultural heritage national and under the special supervision of the Department of the Musée S.

Many visitors of Poland but also from abroad regularly come to admire his Architecture and splendid the Bas-relief S carved on the Eastern wall.

The structure of the synagog is different from the other synagogs out of wooden by its two turns from style Baroque and them dome in bulb from onion pointing out some Christian churches . It is roughly 18 meters wide by 16 meters of depth with an estimated height of 17 meters.

The interior of the synagog is of style baroque. The holy Arche on three levels is decorated with floral reasons carved according to the legend with only one knife, according to the regional traditional methods. The bimah (the furnace bridge) is protected by a multicoloured Lambrequin bent starting from Drapeau X coming from the French Armée Napoleonean. The rise with the bimah is done by six small steps. On the bimah the Chaise for the Prophète Élie is.

An old man candlestick with seven branches in Copper gilded surmounted Polish eagle, going back to before the first partition from Poland from 1772, clarifies the interior of the synagog.

The synagog has more than fifty rollers of the Torah, all luxuriously wrapped.

In the anteroom, on the right of the entry, chains are stored which had been used strong a long time ago to punish the offenders of the Religion. Inter alia, formed chains of two circles, which were closed again around the neck of the contravener.

In 1833, a small school ic Talmud is built beside the synagog. This one has five rollers of the Torah.

Destruction

In 1939, the Jewish population of Gabin rises with 3 100 people.

A few days after the beginning of the invasion of Poland by the troops Nazis, the Germans, accompanied by the fascistic local, put fire at the synagog and the talmudic school on September 21st, 1939, the day crowned of Yom Kippour, after to have sprinkled them gasoline.

A Treasure artistic, pertaining to worship and cultural which had survived more than 230 years, leaves on fire in a few minutes.

All the Jewish population of Gabin is then gathered on the place of the “New Market”. When the houses close to the synagog also start to ignite, the Germans force the Jews to penetrate there to save the goods which are there, while the troops hilarious Nazis take photographs. Several people will perish in the flames.

Dice October 1939, the port of the yellow star for the Jews of Gablin is obligatory.

Beginning 1940, the Jews are expelled of their house and gathered in the Ghetto of Gabin. The number of Jews locked up in the ghetto is of 2 100, including about 250 coming from the villages neighborhood. Beginning of 1941 until the liquidation of the ghetto, the Germans off-set the Jews towards the camps of work of Konin, Eindziov, Hohenzaltz and towards the Death camp of Chelmno.

After the war, of all the Jewish population of Gabin, there remain only 230 people. Among them, 18 survived the camp of Konin, 212 took refuge at the time of the entry of the German troops in the part of Poland occupied by the Soviet Union and 32 hid in the “Aryan part” of Gabin. The majority of the survivors decide after the war to join the State of Israel lately created.

To see

Moshe Verbin realized, under the direction of the architects and enquiring Polish Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka , of the models of the principal synagogs out of wooden of Poland destroyed by the Nazis.

These models are exposed to ORT College of Givat RAM in Jerusalem, Israel .

References

Zchor With the memory of the Jews of Gabin
Jewishgen Jewish community of Gabin
weber.ucsd.edu destruction of the synagog of Gabin
Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka, Wooden Synagogs , Warsaw, Arkady, 1959

Gallery

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