Swimming pool (basin)

Swimming pools of sea

At the beginning of the 20th century, particularly in Australia, swimming pools of sea were built, generally on headlands, by using the natural basins formed between the rocks, possibly closed by walls of masonry, water being renewed thanks to tanks supplied with the tide or simply by water of the high tide. Swimming pools of sea exist today in other places, particularly those which are deprived of beaches, such as Madeira.

Public swimming pools

A public swimming pool is made up of one or more basins and its access is generally paying.

The majority of the public swimming pools comprise a 25 meters length varying basin for a width from 10 to 20 meters (some are narrower and some are broader).

An Olympic swimming pool is a 50 meters length basin by 25 meters broad and is useful for international competitions, in particular the Olympic Games, its volume is of approximately: 3000m ³.

In France, the public swimming pools are supervised by swimming instructors rescuers , qualified for the watery Sauvetage. They are titular BEESAN (Patent of State d' Educateur Sporting 1st Degrees of the Activities of Swimming) or Patent of State of Million (Swimming teacher Rescuer). The patent of State of Million was removed and replaced by the BEESAN which confers also the title of Swimming teacher Rescuer.

The holders of the BNSSA can ensure the monitoring of an establishment of paying access provided that there is at least a BEESAN responsible for the basin and ensuring the monitoring. Consequently it is not rare to see swimming pools which, at the year have a mixed manpower of BEESAN and BNSSA.

The shortage of BEESAN (the formation is lower than the needs for the monitoring for the public swimming pools) and the disappearance progressive of the patents of State of Million pushed the public authorities to authorize, under certain conditions of exemption, the holders of the BNSSA (National patent of Safety and Watery Rescue) to ensure the monitoring (without BEESAN) of public swimming pools for one length of time not being able to exceed 4 months consecutive. Monitoring of a swimming pool of paying access being in all the possible cases by BNSSA under the responsibility of a BEESAN.

It should be noted that the holders of the patent of State of Million and the BEESAN must spend every 5 years a CAEP of Million (Training certificate to the Exercise of the Occupation of Swimming teacher Rescuer) to have the right to follow their occupation. These two patents authorize the monitoring of the basins and the teaching of swimming subject to remuneration.

The holders of the BNSSA must spend every 5 years an examination of revision, which controls their aptitude for swimming and the rescue, to be able to exert. This patent does not authorize teaching and normally does not authorize (except exemption quoted above) only to supervise the bathes of free access.

Whereas the swimming pools remained for a long time of simple water rectangles they became increasingly gravitational with varied installations, plays like toboggans, rivers with current, tubes of hydromassage or of the spas.

Private swimming pools

The private swimming pools seldom exceed 12 meters X 5 meters. Generally they are buried, but can be except ground (often of size even more reduced). They are often flat-bottomed with a depth varying between 1m20 and 1m60, but exist with depths about 2m50, which makes it possible to plunge in full safety. The costs of acquisition dropped overall since the beginning of the Nineties with the generalization of the swimming pools in kit. Those made up of modular panels in various materials are covered by a liner . This last is a plated tight cover against the bottom and the walls by the weight of water. Maintenance is clearly facilitated by the arrival of a new generation of products.

Biological swimming pools

The biological swimming pool or biological basin of bathe is a place of bathe in a basin landscape decorated of plants ensuring the natural filtration of water, deprived of chemicals and whose basin is free forms bordered of a luxuriant vegetation. The development of a true ecosystem " fauna/flore" support the quality and the balance of water. This type of basin calls upon imagination for the realization of soft curves, immersed beaches, of a partial or total overflow, ripraps with cascade or even of a spa overflowing in the basin. The concept calls upon a landscape approach of the swimming pool above all and with the taking into account of the environment of the place.

Safety

In France the private swimming pools must be protected to improve safety of the children. The Noyade is indeed one of the first causes of mortality in the young children. Within the framework of the law, at least one of the four systems below must be used, provided that it is standardized (standard NF 90-307):

barrier of protection;
cover of safety;
shelter;
volumetric or detecting alarm of fall.

In 2004, in France, seventeen children drowned in private swimming pools of which the 3/4 were protected. No even approved security system replaces the vigilance of the parents.

Certain public swimming pools obtain an automatic monitoring system, using subaqueous cameras connected to a Ordinateur. This last has a Logiciel charged to announce the suspect incidents. It then posts them on a screen and gives alarm.

Technologies

Various technologies are used for the construction of the private swimming pools. It is possible to classify them in three categories according to the technique of sealing used:

Traditional method

Construction is made in breeze blocks. The sealing is obtained by a coating or a resin. The completion is painted or tiled.

Hulls

The swimming pool is made up of a cast solid material hull composite posed in a hole.

Liner

a Liner, kind of bag tight, is generally posed on a metal framework, wood, concrete or hardcores. There exist various techniques of frameworks in kit.
Some liners are self-supporting. Their form ensures an intrinsic stability to them. They are simply posed on a flat support.

Water quality

The water quality of a swimming pool is an basic element of the comfort of the bathe as well with regard to the public health as the pleasure of the bath. It rests on two elements:

the chemical quality of water. It is in particular necessary to ensure a correct pH and to disinfect it. One generally makes use of maintenance products:

*le Chlorine and chlorinated products (used and only approved more for the public swimming pools in France)

*le Bromine (not irritant, more effective with high temperature but more expensive)

*le PHMB (which is used accompanied by a Algicide)

*l' active oxygen (ecological, but reserved with the small basins).

There exist however apparatuses which make it possible to automate the water treatment. Here the most widespread systems:

*l' electrolysis of salt (of chlorine is produced by salt electrolysis added in water)

*le treatment by ultra-violets (UV)

*l' electrolysis coppers/money

*l' injection of ozone in the water circuit by an ozonizer (which can be used only in complement of a disinfection by a chlorinated product).

the cleanliness of water. It is necessary to ensure:

*un powerful system of filtration and dimensioned well

*l' elimination of the basic impurities and of wall per aspiration (manual or robotized)

*l' elimination of the floating impurities step a system of skimmer (scummer of surface) or of overflow.

See too

Piscine Sunflower
Natation
Aquagym
Piscine of wood
inflatable Piscine
Déperditions of a basin
a Nuclear reactor has a swimming pool.
part of the drive of the Astronaut S.A. place in a swimming pool.

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