Surgery

The surgery is a medical technique consistent in a physical intervention on the fabrics, in particular by Incision and Suture. A doctor specialized in this discipline is a surgeon . A Medical act practiced by a surgeon is called operation .

History

See also: History of the surgery

Étymologiquement, the surgery can be defined by the practice of the care by the use of the Main S: comes from the grex kheirourgia to kheir and ergon. This practice exists since the Préhistoire with the practice of the Trépanation, and evolved/moved considerably with the wire of time.

The Development and progress of the surgery were influenced by many events, but during very a long time the surgeons were relegated in a lower caste among looking after, and their exclusion of the medical studies was very harmful during several centuries. It is truly only at the 19th century that large the Progrès arrives according to the medical need, of the type of Blessure and of the political context, monk and technological.

Surgical specialities

  • the Orthopedy and the Traumatologie relate to the interventions on the Os and the muscular Système.

  • the visceral Chirurgie relates to the interventions on the abdominal bodies (for example: Exérèse of a Cancer of the colon).
  • the vascular Chirurgie relates to the interventions on the vessels.
  • the Neurochirurgie relates to the interventions on the Cerveau or the Spinal-cord.
  • the Urologie relates to the interventions on the Rein S and the urinary tracts, like on the genital apparatus male.
  • the gynaecological Chirurgie relates to the interventions on the female genital apparatus.
  • the cardiac Chirurgie relates to the interventions on the Cœur.
  • the Obstétrique relates to the interventions at the Expectant mother.
  • the pediatric Chirurgie relates to the surgery of the Enfant.
  • the maxillo-facial Surgery, the Ophthalmology, the Otorhinolaryngology, and the Plastic surgeon.

In addition:

  • the Microchirurgie requires a operational Microscope to carry out interventions of precision.
  • the cœlioscopic Chirurgie requires the introduction of a tube provided with a Caméra and a lighting, as well as several instruments through small cutaneous incisions, allowing an intervention with indirect vision of the operative field and without need for a large incision.
  • the ambulatory Chirurgie indicates operations with one duration of hospitalization of less than one day.

See too

Summary bibliography

  • Dominique Lecourt (to dir.), 2004: Dictionary of the medical thought , Paris, réed. PUF/Quadrige, 2004.

Related articles

Simple: Surgery

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