Steve Ditko
See also: Thompson
Benjamin Thompson , count de Rumford (March 26th 1753 - August 21st 1814) is an American physicist, born with Woburn (Massachusetts).
Biography
At the time of the War of American independence, it took party for the metropolis and was charged, in 1776, with carrying to London the news of the evacuation of Boston by the English troops. It was named in 1780 under-secretary of State in England and turned over in 1782 to America with the rank of Colonel to fight the insurrectionists there. It left this country after the recognition of its independence to take service near the voter of Bavaria Charles Theodore: it was named by this prince general lieutenant of his armies, then in charge of the department of the war and the direction of the police force. It announced its administration by useful reforms, removed the begging, and applied science to the relief of the unhappy one: it is him which formed the first establishment of the soup kitchens which bore its name. Charles-Theodore, in recognition of his services, created it Count and appointed it ambassador in England, but some defects of form prevented it from being recognized like such in London.With died of the voter (1799), it left the Bavaria to come to fix itself in France in 1802, where it married in 1804 with Paris Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze-Lavoisier, widow in first weddings of Lavoisier.
It mourrut with Auteuil.
Work scientific
It made many research on the nutritive virtue of various substances and on heat.-
it improved the Calorimètre Marcellin Berthelot,
- showed the existence of the maximum of Densité of water with 4°C,
- it had a presentiment of in 1798 the first principle of energy, by observing the production of heat during the drilling of the guns, and making boil water without fuel. The first principle of thermodynamics was stated later (in 1842) by Julius Robert von Mayer.
- He is also the author of a photometer and thermoscope which bear its name.
The Royal Society decreed the to him Médaille Copley in 1792.
In 1796, it contributed to the creation of the Médaille Rumford of the Royal Society of which he was the first prize winner, and the Prix Rumford of the American Academy off Arts and Sciences (American academy of arts and sciences).
Iconography
- Thomas Gainsborough, Portrait of Benjamin Thompson as a colonel of the British army , 1783.
- Kaspar von Zumbusch (1830-1915), Statue of the count Rumford set up in 1867 by the king Maximilien II of Bavaria, its copy with Woburn (Massachusetts).
Some of its publications
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