Soviet Socialist Republic of Ouzbékistan

The Soviet socialist République of Ouzbékistan was one of the 15 Républiques members of the Soviet Union before the fall of the latter in 1991.

Genesis of the modern nation ouzbèke

The Bolchevik S which seized the power in Russia following the revolution of October 1917 meet a resistance wild of the Uzbek nationalists ( basmatchis ). Once repressed resistance, the Communists seek allies among the Moslems progressists because they realize quickly that a pitiless repression is likely to throw the Moslems of Turkestan in the arms of the White. One of them, Sultan Galiev, as soon as the danger of the new revolts passed, was isolated circle of the capacity and excluded from the Communist party. A thing worries in fact the Bolsheviks: the pantouranism (gathering of all the people Turkish), which explains why they wanted to make disappear until the name from " Turkestan ".

The Ouzbékistan as a republic and a single and distinct nation exists only since October 27th 1924, when various existing territorial entities in the Central Asia (part of the Turkestan, republic of Bukhara and republic of Khorezm, the two old last being khanats) were gathered in the RSS of Ouzbékistan (the Soviet autonomous Republic tadjike originally integrated within the RSS of Ouzbékistan was made up in distinct federate republic in 1929). The 5 republics of Central Asia were born following the territorial cutting carried out under the aegis of the Police chief for nationalities of the time, Joseph Stalin, according to the ethnic distribution of the populations. Thus, several enclaves ouzbèkes on the Kyrgyz territory and inhabitant of Tajik and vice versa were created. In 1936, the RSS of Ouzbékistan fur widened by the integration of the autonomous republic of Karakalpakie, taken with the RSS of Kazakhstan.

Under the reign of Stalin

In 1928, Stalin ordered the forced collectivization of the peasants in all the Soviet Union. The revolt of the Uzbek basmatchis , started in 1916 and repressed towards 1926, began again then again; it will last until the Forties.

In the years 1937-38, during the " Great purgings " Stalinist, several nationalists or of the Uzbek civils servant of State were carried out, of which the former Prime Minister, Faïzoulla Khodjaïev. The Islam was the target of the Stalinist repression the purpose of which was to make the Soviet Union atheistic completion . Most of the mosques was closed, several Moslem activists carried out.

During the Second world war, Ouzbékistan accommodated several hundreds of Soviet thousands of families fleeing the invasion hitlérienne in the west, of which multiple orphans of war, which accelerated the Russianization of the republic, especially the capital Tachkent. Part of heavy industries of the European part of the the USSR was also evacuated there. These factories remained in Ouzbékistan after the war, contributing to the industrialization of the republic.

After the war

The fight of the Bolsheviks for the emancipation of the women ouzbèkes bore its fruits: about the Fifties almost no woman carried more Tchador and all the girls received public education as well as the boys. The Illiteracy, quasi total in 1924, was entirely éradiqué about the Fifties.

The April 26th 1966 the capital ouzbèke Tachkent and its area were severely struck by a Earthquake, after which a vast program of rebuilding was launched grace in particular to the participation of all the republics Soviet S.

Business of cotton

A phenomenon which largely worked the history of Ouzbékistan in years 60-80 was the intensive development of the culture of the Coton, ordered by Moscow within the framework of the specialization of the Soviet republics. The mediatized objective of the Soviet planners was to produce 6 million tons of the “white gold” Uzbek. This unrestrained development, with a race with the outputs under the conditions of the deficit of the irrigated grounds available had a catastrophic impact on the ecology of the area: the disproportionate use of artificial fertilizers and defoliants poisoned the grounds and water, while the accelerated drainage of the resources of the rivers Amou-Daria and Syr-Daria for the goal of the irrigation led to the draining of the Mer of Aral where they are thrown, its surface was decreased by half in 40 years.

Under the pressure of Moscow to produce even more cotton, the Uzbek leaders developed a corrupted system of falsifications of the statistics. The first secretary of the Uzbek PC of the time, Charaf Rachidov, its entourage, as well as the son-in-law of Léonid Brejnev, was implied in the business of the imaginary cotton which got gold profits to them. End 1983, at the time when the vastest fraud of the history of the Soviet Union was uncovered, Rachidov dies of an heart attack.

Negociations about the Union

Recipient of important subsidies on behalf of the Center (4 billion roubles of annual transfers in 1989), called to solve his handicap due to his specialization in the primary sector, Ouzbékistan was an enthusiastic defender of the maintenance of the lorseque USSR the centrifugal tendences were felt there following the liberalisms brought by the Perestroïka and the Glasnost. The referendum on the maintenance of the USSR organized by Mikhaïl Gorbatchev in 1991, one crushing totality of the Uzbeks answered " oui".

After negotiations, the republics accepted a new treaty constituting the renovated USSR (Union of the Soviet Republics Souveraines ) which returned them sovereign within a federation having a president, of a foreign politics and soldier commun runs. The treaty was to be signed on August 20th 1991, but the reserves of the Ukraine and the Putsch of Moscow at the time which the Uzbek leaders adopted a wait and see attitude, brought it to the failure. The Russia then declared the supremacy of the Russian laws on the Soviet laws. Anticipating a bursting of what still remained of the USSR, the Ouzbékistan finally declared its independence on August 31st 1991 (celebrated the September 1st ).

Heads of State of the RSS of Ouzbékistan

President of the Revolutionary Committee ( Revkom ) (1924-1925), President of the executive Central committee ( VTsIK ) (1925-1938), President of Præsidium of the Supreme Soviet (1938-1991):

Note : The real capacity in the RSS of Ouzbékistan, as in the remainder of the USSR, was held by the Communist party.

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