Social movement

The concept of social movement is defined in a different way according to the studied matters.

In History , it acts of the whole of the events during which certain groups (identified with Social classes) seek to modify the organization of the company, for a " meilleure" (from their point of view) distribution of the richnesses and the political power, leading to a Social progress.
In policy , and by Métonymie, a social movement is sums of actions which want to be the concretization of this will of social progress.
For the sociologists , a social movement is a whole of abstract networks (isolated organizations and actors) built on shared values and solidarity and which is mobilized about conflict stakes, by having recourse to various forms of protest.

Social movements and history

The term is modern, but a posteriori the theorists of the social movement assert the heritage of many historical events. Insofar as the first theorists, historians and intellectuals generally adhered to the ideology Class struggle a certain accent is put on the events violent one, revolutionists.

revolts of slaves;
country Revolts or urban;
revolutionary Movements, revolutions, insurrections and fights particularly since the French revolution.

Nevertheless, the social movements take different forms according to the countries and the times.

The XIX {{E}} and the XX {{E}} century are especially marked in the industrialized countries by the Labor movement. With the advent of the liberal companies , the social movements took during the 20th century of the less and less violent and increasingly institutionalized forms, in particular with the creation of associations citizens and trade unions. The forms of action of the social movements are varied: petitions, demonstrations, riots, strikes, occupations…

Current typology essay

The contemporary world is characterized by an affiliation of the individual to simultaneously of multiple social groups, which made burst the old executives of analysis and caused a diversification of the social movements.

Some examples of social movements:

As one can see it previously, it is impossible to make a exaustive list of all the social movements but one can quote:

the feminist movements
movements of prostitutes
the movements of unemployed
the Movements of patients
the student Movements
the movements high-school pupils
the Movements of immigration
the fights anticarcérales
the movements ecologists
the pacifist movements and movements antimilitarists
the Movements antiracists
the movement altermondialist
the fights of housing

Historical examples

The social movements can also be studied under the event-driven angle. Here some events which are generally regarded as tel.

Antiquity, the Middle Ages

Spartacus and the Revolts of slaves

modern Time

Jacqueries, Crunching, Piracy

18th century

French revolution (1789 - 1799)
Common of Paris (1792)

19th century

Revolution of 1830
Common Revolution of 1848
of Paris (1871)

20th century

Mexican Revolution (1900 - 1917)
Russian Revolution (1917 - 1921)
Spartakisme
War of Spain (1936 - 1939)
Chinese Revolution (1949)
Hungarian Revolution (1956)
cuban Revolution (1962) (see: Cuba, Policy of Cuba)
Quiet revolution
Social movements of 1968 in the world - May 1968
Chilean Socialism (1973)
Movement of Chiapas
Altermondialisme

XXIe century

Movement anti-CPE, fine October and beginning November 2005.

Sociology of the social movements

Characteristics of a social movement

According to the definition of sociology given previously (high of the page) a social movement has various characteristics: a collective dimension, is defined targets, adversaries and poses claims.

the members of a social movement share a system of values or have a joint project, feel dependant by solidarity or a feeling of membership.
Another characteristic important is the capacity to mobilize, to join together a certain number of people for specific events. Nevertheless, so that the social movement exists one needs continuity between the strong moments.
Enfin the forms of protest of the social movement are extremely varied, here are some examples to be convinced some (nonexhaustive list): petition, strike, work-to-rule strike, blocking of the roads, occupation of the trees, occupation of buildings, reappropriation of the streets in a festive way, collective pulling up of seedlings of GMO, mediatized demonstrations…

Political sciences and sociology developed empirical theories and research on the social movements, for example certain research study or highlight the engagement of the militants, the relation between the popular movements and the formation of political groups, the institutionalization of the social movements, the influence of the ms in the setting-up of political regulations, the setting with the political diary of the raised questions.

History in sociology

Charles Tilly affirms that the “social movement” does not exist before the end of the XVIIIe century because according to him the emergence of the ms was connected to the deep economic and political changes of these periods, by including the parlementarisation, the expansion of capitalism and proletarianization. Even if elements like campaigns, repertory of the class action suits, revolts and the demonstrations show more a long story, it is really recently that they are combined together to form the social movement in sociology.

The term social movement in sociology was invented in England and in the United States during the first decades of the XIXe century and the first movements would be the French revolution, the movement for the Polish Constitution (1791), the free trade movement (between 1791 and 1806)

Section to translate //

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Quotation

“The social history teaches that there is no industrial relations policy without a social movement able to impose it. ” Backfires n°2, Pierre Bourdieu

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