Second War séminole

The Second War séminole , also known under the name of War of Florida , is a conflict which proceeded 1835 with 1842 in Florida between various Indian groups of known under the collective name of Séminole S and the the United States, it belongs to a series of conflicts called the Guerres séminoles. The Second War séminole often called the War séminole, was the most expensive war of the Indian wars that the United States carried out and was one longest.

Context

The United States buys Florida with the Spain by the Traité of Adams-Onís and take possession in of it 1821. Groups of various tribes of the south-east of the United States were exiled on the unoccupied grounds of Florida at the previous century. This includes the Yamasee S, the Yuchi S and the Creek S. Among them, Creeks of bottoms and Creek top as well as the speakers Hitchiti and Muscogee. One of the groups of speakers Hitchiti, Mikasuki, settled around the Lac Miccosukee close to current the Tallahassee. Another group of Hitchiti speakers settled around the Alachua Prairie in current the county of Alachua. The Spaniards of St Augustine called Creeks d' Alachua Cimarrones , which means approximately " sauvages" or " fuyards" and which is probably at the origin of the word " Seminole". This name is then given to other groups in Florida, even if the Indians themselves designated themselves as members of other tribes. The other groups in Florida at the time of the Séminole wars include/understand the " Indians espagnols" , thus named because it was thought that they went down from the Calusa S and the " Indians cultivateurs" , alive in villages of Spanish/cuban fishermen on the coasts of Florida.

The United States already fought the Indians of Florida whereas this territory always belonged to Spain, at the time of the First War séminole. Florida belonging now to the United States, Séminoles pose problem at the US government again. In 1823, this last negotiates the Traité of Moultrie Creek with Séminoles, establishing for them a reserve in the center of the State. Six chiefs, are however authorized to preserve their villages along the Apalachicola River. The status off runaway Slavic has continuing irritation between Seminoles and whites. Slavic Seminoles and catchers argued over the ownership off Slavic. New plantations in Florida increased the pool off Slavic who could run away to the Seminoles. Worried butt the possibility off year Indian uprising and/or has Slavic rebellion, Governor Duval requested additional Federal troops for Florida. Instead, Strong King was closed in 1828. The Seminoles, shorts off food and finding the hunting becoming poorer one the reservation, were wandering off off it more often. Also in 1828, Andrew Jackson, the old enemy off the Seminoles, was elected President off the United States. In 1830 Congresses passed the Indian Removal Act. All problems with the Seminoles were to Be solved by moving them to west off the Mississippi.

Treaty off Payne' S Landing

In the spring off 1832 the Seminoles one the reservation were called to has meeting At Payne' S Landing one the Oklawaha River. The treaty negotiated there called for the Seminoles to move west, yew the Land were found to Be suitable. They were to Be settled one the Creek reservation and become share off the Creek tribe. The delegation off seven chiefs who were to inspect the new reservation did not leave Florida until October 1832. After touring the area for several months and conferring with the Creeks who had already been settled there, the seven chiefs signed one March 28, 1833 has statement that the new acceptable Land was. Upon to their return to Florida, however, most off the chiefs renounced the statement, claiming that they had not signed it, but that they had been forced to sign it, and in any box, that they did not cuts the power to decides to for all the tribes and bands that resided one the reservation. The villages in the area off the Apalachicola To rivet were more easily persuaded, however, and went west in 1834.

The United States Senate finally ratified the Treaty off Payne' S Landing in April 1834. The treaty had given the Seminoles three years to move west off the Mississippi. The government interpreted the three years ace starting 1832, and expected the Seminoles to move in 1835. Strong King was reopened in 1834. With new Seminole agent, Wiley Thompson, had been appointed in 1834, and the task off persuading the Seminoles to move fell to him. He called the chiefs together At Strong King in October 1834 to talk to them butt the removal to the west. The Seminoles informed Thompson that they had No intention off moving, and that they did not feel bound by the Treaty off Payne' S Landing. Thompson then requested reinforcements for Strong King and Strong Brooke, reporting that, the Indians after they had received the Annuity, purchased broad year unusually quantity off Powder & Lead. General Clinch also warned Washington that the Seminoles did not intend to move, and that more troops would Be needed to force them to move. In March 1835 Thompson called the chiefs together to read has letter from Andrew Jackson to them. In his letter, Jackson said, Should you… refuse to move, I cuts then directed the Commanding officer to remove you by force. The chiefs asked for thirty days to respond. With month later the Seminole chiefs told Thompson that they would not move west. Thompson and the chiefs began arguing, and General Clinch had to intervene to prevent bloodshed. Eventually, eight off the chiefs agreed to move west, goal asked to delay the move until the end off the year, and Thompson and Clinch agreed.

Important Five off the most off the Seminole chiefs, including Micanopy off the Alachua Seminoles, had not agreed to the move. In retaliation, Thompson declared that those chiefs were removed from to their positions. Ace relations with the Seminoles deteriorated, Thompson forbid the salts off guns and ammunition to the Seminoles. Osceola, has Young warrior beginning to Be noticed by the whites, was particularly upset by the round of applause, feeling that it equated Seminoles with Slavic and said, The white man shall not make me black. I will make the white man red with blood; and then blacken him in the sun and rain… and the buzzard live upon his flesh. In off splashes this, Thompson considered Osceola to Be has friend, and gave him has riffle. Later, though, when Osceola was causing disorder, Thompson had him locked up At Strong King for have night. The next day, in order to secure his release, Osceola agreed to abide by the Treaty off Payne' S Landing and to bring his followers in.

The situation grew worse. With group off whites assaulted nap Indians sitting around has campfire. Two more Indians cam up during the assault and opened fire one the whites. Three whites were wounded and one Indian was killed and one wounded. In August 1835 Private Kinsley Dalton (for whom Dalton, Georgia is named) was killed by Seminoles ace He was carrying the email from Strong Brooke to Fort King. In November Chief Charley Emathla, wanting No share off has war, led his people towards Fort Brooke where they were to board ships to go west. This was considered has betrayal by other Seminoles. Osceola puts Charlie Emathla one the trail and killed him. -->

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