Science fiction

Etymology and origin

History of the word

The French term “science fiction” originates in the English term science fiction which appeared for the first time in 1851 pennies the feather of William Wilson in a test entitled: has Little Earnest Book Upon has Great Old Subject . It is however only in 1929, following the leading article of Hugo Gernsback in the first number of the pulp magazine entitled Science Wonder Stories , as the term starts to be essential on the other side of the Atlantic, as well in professional environments as at the readers, substitute de facto of other terms then of use in the specialized press as “ scientific lovesong ” or “ scientifiction ”.

In his test entitled One Writing off Speculative Fiction , published in 1947 in Off worlds beyond , the American author Robert A. Heinlein tried to impose a new concept, “ speculative fiction ”, to dissociate accounts of Fantasy which appeared still at the time under the general label of science fiction . If the Néologisme of Robert A. Heinlein were a great success until in the years 1960, the term of science fiction was always maintained like the concept of reference.

History of the word in France

In France, the term of science fiction is essential as from the years 1950 with for synonym and direct competitor the word Anticipation .

If the original English word is written science fiction , the French word is spelled with an indent: science fiction . French abbreviation S.F. became current as from the years 1970 but not directly or openly policy as there can be in Charlie-Hebdo. Mézières was largely plundered by the decorators and the costumiers of George Lucas, which had, amongst other things, number of the albums of Valérian in its library, for the Star Wars (1977).

Roger Leloup is a scenario writer and Belgian draftsman of which the series Yoko Tsuno proceeds in a universe impresses science fiction.

Certain albums of the Adventures of Tintin and Milou can be classified in the " category; science-fiction" , for example One went on the Moon , which tells, with fifteen years in advance, the first voyage on the moon, or Vol 714 for Sydney , which utilizes the extraterrestrial ones.

Among the great creators of the kind, one counts many draftsmen and scenario writers French or working in France, in particular those which revolve around the newspaper Métal howling ; let us quote, for example, Enki Bilal, Caza, Philippe Druillet, Alejandro Jodorowsky, Olivier Ledroit, Moebius and Olivier Vatine. Pareillement with the semi-monthly magazine compressed Era with Dick Matena, Rafa Negrete or Cacho Mandrafina.

In the United States, one can quote Alex Raymond, Richard Corben, Frank Miller, and English Simon Bisley, Pat Millets (scenario writer) and Alan Moore (scenario writer).

In 1950, Frank Hampson created for the English magazine Eagle , daN Dare, Pilot off the Future .

The Manga S (Japanese cartoons) exploit they also enormously the topics of the science fiction and the fantastic one. Let us quote for example Go Nagai, Katsuhiro Otomo and Masamune Shirow.

Recent changes

Since the years 1960-1970 emerges a riper science fiction. It leans on our company and often proposes reflections on immediate problems (ecology, Sociologie, role of the mediae, report/ratio to the To be able, new technologies, the Histoire). It is anchored in its time and its problems, while remaining work of escape. That does not prevent the editors from continuing to publish a purely distractive science fiction such as cycles Honor Harrington.

The science fiction also explored other ways through the stylistic experimentation. In Great Britain, the New Wave was born around Michael Moorcock and its review New World (J.G. Ballard, whose novel Crash is an good example of the formal research continued by this school). In the USA developed the New Thing (Harlan Ellison, Roger Zelazny) and in France, Michel Jeury took as a starting point the Nouveau Novel in the Monkeys of time and dubious Time .

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