Sarrelouis (in German: Saarlouis ) is today one of the main cities of the Land of the the Saar in Germany. It counts approximately 38.000 inhabitants and his district more than 215.000.

History

Louis {{XIV}} founds the town of Sarrelouis (initially under the name of Saar-Louis ) by decree in 1680 at the border of old the Duché of Lorraine.

This foundation makes following the fastening of Lorraine in France the previous year registers in the Traité of Nimègue which puts an end to the Guerre of Holland following the Bataille of Peene (1677-1678) having opposed the French Armies and of Bavaria to the coalition carried out by the rich person United Provinces (formerly allied of France against the England and the Spain to become independent of the Netherlands Spanish, weakened and coveted since by France, now rejoined with the kingdoms of England, of Spain, of the Denmark and Sweden, like with the German princes of the Saint Empire and in Lorraine (which feared too powerful France if it acquiérait the Netherlands of the South). By this treaty, this old Spanish area escapes the powerful Dutch United Provinces then and becomes French.

Vauban works out the plan of the city. It is a strengthened garrison town. The fortress is built by soldiers of the regiment of Beaumarais and regiment of the Picardy. Still today, two districts of Sarrelouis are thus named Beaumarais and Picard . The fortress will have to defend the new French royal possessions in Lorraine (which gives an access without frontier skirting to the oldest French possessions in Alsace).

In 1697, with the Treated of Ryswick, the major part of Lorraine regains its independence (on the condition of remaining neutral and not to be combined in the Holy roman Empire). This concession of Louis enables him to be combined in Spain from the point of view of its succession on the throne; Spain thus reiterates the essence of the control of the Netherlands of the South, but Louis XIV obtains from Spain to keep Saarlouis and the surrounding area as a French Exclave in the area in order to prevent that it does not fall down under the control of the German princes. By this treaty, Louis also obtains to supplement the possession of the essence of the Alsace and thus the control of left bank of the Rhine, which also enables him to let Guillaume {{III}} prince d' Orange sit his crown of England without any claim on the Spanish possessions or the old Duchy of Lorraine.

In 1766, the enclave of the Duché of Lorraine is attached again to the kingdom of France to the favor of the succession of the kingdom of Poland (then held by the father-in-law of Louis {{XV}}, resulting from a political arrangement which had made it possible to avoid the direct fastening of Lorraine in France not to dissatisfy the old Prussian allies) and of an arrangement with the Austria which controlled the remainder of the old Spanish Netherlands and to which Louis yields his preceding possessions in the Netherlands of the South; this fastening of Lorraine leaves Sarrelouis exclavé but in an area of the Saar from now on allied in France and Austria against the Prussia in North, thePlain ones in the North-West and England.

During the French revolution, Lorraine and Sarrelouis are combined to the revolutionists against the coalition Germanic princes combined in England; the revolutionists, finding his name too royal, rename the city Sarrelibre , until in 1810 after Napoleon took again the control of part of the South of the Netherlands from now on definitively lost by the Spain.

Following the defeat of the armies of the French Empire, the Traité of Paris (1815) transfers the property from the town of Saarlouis to the Prussia which controls the old Spanish Saar taken again in France. The free city becomes then German, and integral part of the Saar with the unification of Germany at the end of the 19th century.

The shortly after the First World War, Sarrelouis is occupied by France, under mandate of the Société of the Nations, and the area of the Saar is detached from Germany and becomes an autonomous region, the Saargebiet of 1919 to 1935, until it is again attached to Germany under its preceding name of Saarland following a referendum. In 1936, the Nazi S finding his name too French unify the town of Saarlouis with the common neighbor of Fraulautter on bank Is river the Saar and rename it Saarlautern .

The shortly after the second world war in 1945, during the provisional French occupation of the area, the city found its German name Saarlouis , its currency and its armorial bearings, as its old territorial limits (Fraulautern is again detached from it). Saarlouis will join then the news the Federal Republic of Germany with the adhesion of the Land of the Saar on January 1st 1957, shortly after the end in 1954 of the mode of military occupation allied in the Western part of Germany and the failure of the attempts to make a European international area of it, outline of future Europe linked for peace.

Currency

The currency of Latin the east city in :
“atque Dissipat fovet”
It means:
“the sun dissipates (the clouds drawn on the blazon) and it heats. ”
The sun refers here to the “Sun king” Louis {{XIV}}, founder of the city, which grants by this currency an important capacity.

Monuments and sites of interest

The principal picturesque sites are:
  • the place the large market with kommandantur and the church Saint-Louis (whose nave in 1970 by Gottfried Böhm was rebuilt)
  • the fountain of Sainte-Marie,
  • the old city and Casemates.

Administration

Governors

Mayors (Oberbürgermeister)

Economy

Famous characters

Twinnings

  • (the 1st twinning germano-German)

See too

External bonds

  • Official site
  • Official site of the firemen of Sarrelouis

Simple: Saarlouis

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