Sand pit
In Frame, a Panne sand pit is a beam placed horizontally at the base of the slope of roof, on the wall of frontage. It thus is named because one posed it on a sand bed, which while fleeing, made it possible the beam to slowly take its place.
In the churches the sand pits frequently carry sculptures.
In a Side of wood, the sand pit is the horizontal beam which separates the stages between them and takes again the loads of the floor in addition to the vertical loads transmitted with the discharges (wood posts in the wall): weights of the walls and floors higher plus roof.
In metal frame, the sand pit is a beam which connects the heads of the posts of the same file (parallel with the long side) between them. This beam is used to transmit the efforts of pressure blast (via a beam with the wind, or efforts of the wind directly applied to the frontage) to sheet pilings of stability (cross of St Andre or gantry of stability). This beam works only in compression. One speaks about breakdown sand pit when this beam takes again also part of the loads of the cover (roof). At this time, the role of this beam is to transmit the traction/compressive forces (wind) and to transmit the descents of loads (actual snow/weight of the roof).
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