Rurbanisation

The rurbanisation , neologism appeared in 1976 starting from rural more urban , indicates the process of " retour" townsmen starting from end of the year 60 and beginning of the year 70 in the spaces described as rural. It is the consequence at the same time of a " desire of campagne" , and of the availability of the car combined with the improvement of the means and the transportation routes i.e. factors of localization. The rurbanisation has as consequences:

a very important contribution of active population in rural environment.
establishment of a novel mode of life in initially rural medium.
modification of the landscapes.
put in imbalance by proofing of the grounds of the natural regulating devices of bad weather for the fast cast iron of snow, the abundant rain.
of the conflicts between the agricultural activities and the rurbains.
of the conflicts of the sociological type enters the old rural ones and the rurbains.
the dynamization of accessible rural areas in length of trip from the cities.
relaunching of rural areas very distant and remained country traditional.
intensification of the pendular phenomenon of migration.

According to IFEN, 60.000 hectares of natural or agricultural grounds disappear each year in France under the effect of the urbanization.

Dynamic rural areas and disenclosed rural areas

The dynamic rural areas concerned with the phenomenon of rurbanisation are:

Of the zones close to great centres urban, easily accessible by highways or fast tracks and public transport. It is the case for example development of the suburbs of Montpellier: to see the population growth of Saint-Gély-of-Fesc the. The villages are then privileged by the young couples, which find there a cost of land more accessible than in the center: the recent revitalization of the back-country Niçois is exemplary. In general, the rural areas close to basins of important employment and served well are dynamic: it is the case of the border zones of the Doubs and the Lac Léman instigated by the use in Suisse. The administrative structure of these zones evolves/moves in France in communities of communes to take account of the new scale and range of the decisions of management of the territory, the medium-sized cities or small of which the essence of the activity except agriculture is held by agribusiness industry established a certain form of synergy between them and the villages. They invested in the highway network. It drew up a development scheme of fabric of the habitat of the rurbain type.

The rural population in France increases again. With the Census of 1999, the rural population reached the level of 1962.

New activities in current rural environment

" POIH of revitalization rurale" allow to treat under an inter-commune framework of a contract of country or a new Regional natural park demographic imbalances, incomes, conditions of habitat on the territory with purely rural characteristics. This relates to the Rural development, the rural Tourisme, under the rural Code (France).

Climate warming could cause a new wave of rurbanisation, for a population aspiring to a greater comfort in its daily activities, without to be solved to change its practices radically. The Campagne would become the place of activities other than those pertaining to the agricultural world. The definitions of rurality in France should then evolve/move, (for example towards those of the Scandinavia), for the Localité S, as well in the administrative and economic geographical concepts as .

Selected rurality and undergone rurality

The isolated rural areas are not concerned with the rurbanisation. They suffer:

of a geographical or topological insulation associated with an economic profitability of the grounds low: in the Baronnies, since the fall of the agricultural activity, the difficulties of communication prevented the revival of the villages. These zones are largely forsaken and gained by important a agricultural Déprise (Canton of Orpierre, Canton of Séderon).
of a depopulation

The consequence of insulation and the weak demographic weight is the ageing of the infrastructures and their disappearance.
On can distinguish two types of population concerned carrying out from the movements opposite:
-Premièrement the young families move away vis-a-vis the difficulties of being maintained with children.
-Deuxièmement the inactive people carry out a return to the ground. The elderly benefit from an environment less aggressive than the city when they are under conditions of health not requiring an important structure of medical monitoring. The assistance with the people is become again an outlet of employment and currently requires punctually in purely rural zone of human resources.
Des foreign nationals of any age comes to seek a framework more adapted to than they feel like their needs.
Ces zones profits from an special attention of the institutions which aim at preserving at these territories the essential services: health, education, the associated whole has a policy of the Rural development.

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