Rugby

History

Certain studies affirm that the ancestor of Rugby is the drunk or sioule, sport very practiced in France as of the Middle Ages. The drunk one indeed has common characteristics with Rugby, like the knappan in Wales, the hurling in Cornouailles and Ireland, the calcio in Italy, which were born at the same time. But these plays quickly died out at the end of the XVIIIe century, contrary to the folk football which found refuge in the English colleges (reference: GEO Magazine, No 343, September 2007, " Origins: true stories and tales of fées" , Sebastien Darbon, pages 66 and 76.). The original alternative was invented on the ground of the principal college of the town of Rugby (England). The legend would like that during part of football to the mid- 1823, William Webb Ellis, raises of this college (School Rugby.

This practice, which made from now on the characteristic of the football played in School Rugby, in other words Rugby School rules or Rugby football, will be codified for the first time in 1846 by the pupils, then on December 8th, 1863, in Cambridge, by the students of this university, all former students of Rugby. “Rugby-Football” had been born.

In 1871, to be distinguished definitively from football and “Football Association”, the first national federation is created: the Rugby Football Union (RFU). This year 1871 sees also the Scotland and the England to clash in Edinburgh, in the first official international meeting.

Gradually, the RFU will adopt various rules to improve the play, like the suppression of certain dangerous blows, the authorization of the master key to the hand in 1875, the reduction in the number of players from twenty to fifteen in 1877.

Little by little, the Rugby, until reserved there for the elites, gains all the social layers. In years 1880 puts the question of the professionalism, adopted in 1885 by the football, which will create a scission within Rugby. Since 1891, that is to say one year after the creation of the International Board, authority in charge of the management of the play and of its rules, the clubs of North claim a help to refund with the workmen the working time wasted because of the disputed matches saturdays, working day, but the RFU refuses. After several attempts, the Northern Rugby Football Union, initially professional copy of the RFU, is created on August 27th, 1895.

In 2007, one counts approximately 3.5 million bachelors throughout the world.

Direct descendants of the innovation of William Webb Ellis

1854 : the Dublin University Football Club (student club, Ireland), first club in the world to practice the Rugby School rules i.e. Rugby football;
1857 : importation of England in Australia of the Rugby School rules i.e. Rugby football;
1858 : reformulation of the rules to the Australian designs;
1866 : coming into effect of the update several rules of Rugby football to Australian is the creation of the Aussie rules or Australian Football (then will come from the alternatives: without plating, with round ball, etc) ;
1857 : the Edinburgh Academical Football Club (student club, Scotland), 2nd club in the world to practice Rugby School rules;
1857-58 : the Liverpool Football Club (club open to the students and nonstudent, England), third club in the world to practice Rugby School rules;
1862 : the balloon is created by a shoe-maker manufacturer of shoes living the town of Rugby, Richard Lindon, this one will exist then in 2 forms:

of the first leather balloons with 7 bent panels (including 2 partially laced) of round or ovoid form and;
of the tire tubes - inflatable with an air pump - out of rubber of India which, because of the flexibility and elasticity of vulcanized rubber, marry the shape of the container. Lindon quickly becomes the principal manufacturer-supplier of the 2 distinctive balloons (round: football; ovoid: Rugby football, at the request of its practitioners). Up to 1862 the first balloons of the 2 plays were more or less round, their tire tube being a bladder of pig inflated with the force of the lungs of the practitioners.

1862 : the Blackheath Rugby Football Club (club not studied, England), rocks in practice of the Rugby School rules and codifies the same year some of the 1st rules of the Rugby football union ;
January 1871 : the creation of the first national federation of Rugby to XV in England, called “Rugby Football Union (RFU)” or “Rugby union” in the anglophone countries;
1885 : writings of the rules of the Football Gaelic (mixture of traditional plays of Irish balloon, Rugby football, football (soccer) and Rugby, but platings and tacles are prohibited).

Direct descendants of Rugby with XV

1872 : creation with the Harbor of the first French club of Rugby Union (Rugby with XV): the Harbor Athlétic Club;
1882 : the Canadian Football which is played 12 players;
1882 : the American football which is played 11 players;
1895-1906 :
# semi-1895 : scission within the RFU with the creation of the Northern RFU : 15 players and rules of the RFU but compensation for its players for only the loss of their wages in factory and expenses;
# semi-1906 : the Rugby with XIII: Northern RFU recodifie its play by training teams of 13 players and by adopting specific rules, played by the “treizists” and named - since 1922 - “ Rugby Football League ” or “ Rugby league ” in the anglophone countries.

Other current alternatives, downward of Rugby football

the Rugby to seven: adapted of the XV
the Rugby to nine: adapted of the XIII

the Aussie rules nines: adapted of Australian football

the Touch Rugby: derived from the XV or XIII or

the Touch football: derived from American football or Australian Football

the Tag Rugby: derived from the XV or XIII
the RugbyHandy or quadrugby (born in Canada in 1977)
the Handi-Rugby with XIII: derived from the XIII
the Rugby flag: derived from the XV or

the Flag football: derived from Canadian football or the touch American football

International the rules football: compromise for the meetings between Australian football and football Gaelic.
the Beach Rugby: derived from Rugby with XV being exploited the beach.

Rugby and Wounds

Statistics relating to the study of 1254 wounds of players of the signal 14 and the pro D2 for the season 2006-2007. Proportions of attack to the part of the body: Face: 8,9% Cranium and neck: 1,7% Shoulder and arm: 9% Bend: 1,3% Before arm and wrists: 1,7% Hands and fingers: 4,9% Rachis: 9% Thorax: 5% Abdomen and girdles pelvic: 2,9% Hip: 1,2% Knee: 11,9% Thigh: 17,9% Leg: 12% Ankle, heel and foot: 11,6%

Notes and references of the article

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