Robinson Crusoé

See also: Crusoé

Robinson Crusoé is the name of the hero of a novel written by Daniel Defoe and published in 1719. Some consider that it is about the Romance first writes in English.

The complete title of the work is the Life and the adventures strange and surprising of Robinson Crusoé of York, sailor, who lived 28 years on a deserted island on the coast of the America, close to the mouth of the large river Orénoque, following a shipwreck where all perished except for itself, and how it was delivered in a way quite as strange by pirates. Written by itself .

History

Robinson Crusoé leaves the England in 1652 to sail, against the will of his/her parents who wanted that he becomes lawyer. The ship is hailed by Pirate S and Crusoé becomes the slave of a Moor. He manages to escape on a boat and its safety only with one ship Portuguese owes which passes to broad from the west coast of the Africa. Arrived at the Brazil, Crusoé becomes the owner of a Plantation. In 1659 whereas it has only twenty seven years it joint with a forwarding left to research African slaves, but following a storm he is shipwrecked man on an island of the Caribbean in the Atlantic. All his companions having died, he manages to recover weapons and tools in the wreck. It does it discovered of a cave. It builds a dwelling and makes a calendar by making notches in a piece of wood. It drives out and cultivates corn. He learns how to manufacture pottery and raises goats. He reads the Bible and it misses nothing, if it is not the company of the men. He realizes that the island that he called Désespoir periodically receives the visit of cannibals, who come there to kill and eat their prisoners. Crusoé, which considers their behavior abominable, thinks of exterminating them, but it realizes that it does not have the right of it, since the cannibals did not attack it and do not know that their act is criminal. He dreams to get one or two servants while releasing from the prisoners and, in fact, when one of them manages to escape, they become friendly. Crusoé names his/her companion Friday , of the day of the week when it appeared. He teaches him English and converts it with Christianity. Friday teaches him the life in a deserted island.

Twenty eight years later in 1687 an English ship occurs; a mutiny has just burst and the rebels want to give up their captain on the island. The captain and Crusoé manage to take again the ship and to turn over to England with Friday which will be always a devoted servant. Its plantation was well maintained and it became rich. He travels to Spain and France, where he is attacked by wolves in the Pyrenees. He sells his plantation not to have to convert with Catholicism and turns over to England.

True Robinson

Daniel Defoe was probably inspired by the history of a Scottish sailor named Alexandre Selkirk (or Alexandre Selcraig). This one was recovered by forwarding Woodes Rogers in 1709 after having lived four years on the uninhabited island of Juan Fernandez off the coasts Chile ennes. One cannot however show the author of plagiarism, because the situations are different, Selkirk having been abandoned on this island with its own request. Moreover, the psychological description of the character of Crusoé, imagination deployed to give an account of the activities and frame of mind of the shipwrecked man exceed by far the description which Rogers of the Selkirk sailor made.

In homage to the novel of Defoe and its model, the island Chile enne Farmhouse-have-Tierra , located in the Archipelago Juan Fernández, was renamed in 1966 island Robinson Crusoe.

Other shipwrecked men

There exist other accounts or legends in connection with solitary shipwrecked men. Reduced to very primitive living conditions, they generally lose the use of the word at the end of a few years. Thus, a French would have torn all its clothing, having lost the reason after two last years on the Mauritius to eat raw tortoise S. Of despair, a sailor Dutch, banished and given up on the island Grey waxbill, unearthed one of his companions and launched out on the ocean in his coffin. According to Laura Secord, another shipwrecked man, Peter de Serrano, was found after seven years of loneliness.

Satire

The French writer Michel Tournier wrote another version of the history of Robinson Crusoé, Friday or the Limbs of the Pacific , where it stigmatizes the Protestantisme with Robinson and where it depicts the way in which evolves/moves a delivered man with loneliness, deprived of relations with the other human ones. He then adapted this novel for youth, under the name of Friday or the wild life .

Adaptations

Anecdotes

  • William Golding was inspired by it largely for the writing by Its Majesty by the flies .
  • the most famous translation which remains about it in France east concealed that carried out the poet and romantic writer " frénétique" Pierre d' Hauterive, known as Petrus Borel or Lycanthrope, at the 19th century.
  • Following the success of sound Friday or the Limbs of the Pacific , Michel Tournier undertook of it a récriture intended for a younger public, Friday or the Wild life .

The posterity of Robinson Crusoé

Since its publication, the work of Defoe did not cease causing new variations on the topic, or robinsonnades . Among most representative, the mysterious Island of Jules Verne, the Island with the Treasury of Robert-Louis Stevenson, His Majesty of the Flies of William Golding… And works of already quoted Michel Tournier.
List of novels including the name Robinson :
  • J.H. Campe, the Robinson of the young people , 1779
  • Henri Lemaire, small Robinson or Adventures of Robinson Crusoé , towards 1810
  • Johann David Ryss, Robinson Switzerland , 1812
  • E. Fouinet, the Robinson of the ices , 1835
  • F. Cooper, the Robinson of the Pacific , the USA
  • Eugenie Foa, small the Robinson of Paris or triumph of industry
  • Mrs. Mallès of Beaulieu, the twelve years Robinson, interesting history of a foam given up in a deserted island , Paris, P. - C. Lehuby, 1845
  • Andre Laurie, the Heir to Robinson , Paris, Hatchet 1933
  • Pierre Maël, Robinson and Robinsonne , Paris, Hatchet, 1938
  • Tracy Sinclair, Miss Robinson Crusoé , Toronto, 1989, Paris 1990, Harlequin

External bond

  • Robinson Crusoé.
  • Daniel Defoe.
  • '' Robinson Crusoe '' (London: W. Taylor, 1719). , text off the first edition, free At Editions Hammer.
  • Full text, translation Petrus Borel, on Ebooks free and free.

Discussion with Michel Tournier, published in To read n°347, be 2006.

“My idea was to choose a highly philosophical subject (with problems of knowledge, time, of space of report/ratio to others, etc) and, at the same time, to write a popular history which interests everyone. Including the children. I chose Robinson Crusoé and it was Friday or the limbs of the Pacific . It on there in the history of eminently philosophical Robinson at least two subjects: loneliness (Robinson spends twenty-eight years only on its island) and the report/ratio with others (when Friday arrives on the island). ”

Wikisource

  • Robinson Crusoe - Full text in original version
  • Robinson Crusoé - Full text in French

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