Rheims

Rheims known as the City of the Sacrings is a common French, located in the department of the Marne and the area Champagne-Ardenne. Its inhabitants is called Rémois (Rémois, Rémoise). Rheims is a city of the North-East of the France, to 150 km of Paris, in the chalky Champagne. Rheims profits from a privileged position in the North-East of the Paris basin.

With: 187206 inhabitants, it is the thirteenth town of France by its population (but twenty-ninth by counting the agglomeration) and the most populated city department and area, although not being the chief town of the department or the area.

Geography

Situation

The city is located in a plain, on two banks of the Vesle, an affluent of the Aisne, and on the Canal of Aisne in the Marne. In the south and the west the Montagne de Reims rises, whose slopes shelter part of best believed of the Champagne vineyard.

Transportation routes

On the road level, the city is connected to the great urban centres by the highways A4 (Paris, Metz, Strasbourg, the Luxembourg and the Germany), A26 (London, Lille, Troyes, Dijon and South of France), A34 (Northern Europe) and the European roads E 17, E 46, E 50 and E 420.
It is the departure of two tourist roads of the Champagne and on the way of the Via Francigena and of the Voie of Freedom.

The city has two railway stations the Gare of Rheims and the Gare of Rheims - White House served by the networks FOR THE THIRD TIME Champagne-Ardenne and FOR THE THIRD TIME Picardy. And since the 10 June 2007, TGV Is serves the city, in particular via the Gare of Rheims and via the Gare of Champagne-Ardenne - TGV.

One can also go there by private plane thanks to the Aérodrome of Rheims-Prunay or by the way of water since the Canal of Aisne in the Marne has a nautical relay (boulevard Paul Doumer).

Rheims east to 29 km of Épernay, 44 km of Châlons-in-Champagne, 51 km of Laon, 83 km of Charleville-Mézières, 93 km of Sedan, 109 km of Bubble (Belgium), 122 km of Troyes, 150 km of Paris, 157 km of Pétange (Luxembourg), 179 km of Metz, 188 km of Nancy, 194 km of Lille, 236 km Tréport, 253 km of Maastricht (Netherlands), 257 km of Aachen (Germany), 269 km of Dover (the United Kingdom).

Division of the commune

Since the July 8th 2002, eight districts were instituted, each one having its council which has a role of listening, connection and proposal, but whose role is sometimes considered to be insufficient by some. The principal places of Rheims are the place Drouet-with Erlon, where coffees, restaurants and trade concentrate, and in the center of which one finds the Subé fountain, surmounted Glory, rules gilded; the Royal place, in the center of which one can see a statue of Louis XV, and places it of the Cardinal-Luçon, square of the cathedral, where is a statue of Jeanne d' Arc. One can also quote the place of the Republic and the place of Right-in-the Homme, located on the grand boulevards girdling the center town and being used as main doors in the center of Rheims.

climate

Rheims has a semi-oceanic climate.

History

Rheims , the old orthography sometimes is still used in English.

Heraldic

Area of Rheims at the time pre-Roman (prehistory)

The first traces of human establishment in the area go up with the Neolithic and the Chalcolithique (fine of the III {{E}} thousand-year-old before Jesus-Christ). Fields of ballot boxes of the Bronze Age were found there. The valley of the Vesle knew a rather dense occupation during the age of iron. There are however very few vestiges of these times on the current site of Rheims.

Towards 80 before J-C, the Rèmes build the Oppidum Durocorter on the site which will become Rheims.

Rèmes and Rome

Into Celtic Durocorter , the round fortress, becomes Durocortorum and is mentioned in the comments of Jules César. Strabon quotes the name of Durocortora . Seeing the projection of the army of César, the Belgian are combined to push back this invasion. The Rèmes refuse this alliance and choose to help Rome. Alliance is voted by the Senate of Rome. The Belgians are beaten without much difficulty. In 53 before J-C, César orders with the concilium Galliae to meet in Durocortorum to judge there the conspiracy of the Sénons and the Carnutes.

Rèmes having proven their fidelity with Rome, Durocortorum is classified in the federated cities, considered as independent. Under Auguste (between 16 and 13 before J. - C.), Rèmes are placed in the province of Belgium whose Durocortorum became the capital. The many monuments or other traces of the Roman epoch show that Rheims is at the time very prosperous). Seven great ways serve the city.

; cruel Invasions In 357 and 366, Germanic invasions are pushed back in the area before they reach Rheims. But in 406, the Vandales seize the city and plunder it. Rémois are taken refuge then in the Christian church and the bishop Saint Nicaise is decapitated on the threshold of his cathedral. And in 451, in fact the Huns attack the city.

The Middle Ages

Christianity appears in the middle of the 3rd century thanks to the bishop Sixte and a first cathedral is high at the 4th century but it is only at the 5th century that the current site starts has to be occupied by the church which installs there initially a episcopal unit then several cathedrals which follow one another until that which exists.

It is in Rheims that Clovis I {{er}} is baptized in 496 by the bishop holy Remi. Later on, and for this reason, it becomes the city of the Sacre of the kings de France and the archbishop-duke, an even of France.

See also: Sacring (France)

At the time mérovingienne, Rheims east one of the capitals of the Austrasie, with Metz. In 719, Rheims is dismantled by Charles Martel; a great number of monuments pointing out its old power and its prosperity at the time Gallo-Roman disappear.

In 804, Charlemagne receives the pope Leon III there.

Towards the Year millet, the Archbishop of Rheims, Gerbert d' Aurillac, is elected Pape under the name of Sylvestre II.

In 1119, the city receives a council.

In 1143, the city obtains communal franknesses.

Rebirth

The university of Rheims is created at the 16th century. Removed with the Revolution, it reappears gradually during second half of the 20th century.

The 20th century

The beginning of the 20th century is marked by resounding air events which do of Rheims one of the cradles of aviation in the world, organized for some with the site of current the air base 112, in the north of the city: first air voyage of the world history of aviation carried out by Henri Farman the October 30th 1908 between Bouy and the quoted of the sacrings (twenty-seven kilometers), first Great week of aviation of the Champagne organized from August 22nd to 29th 1909 (first international meeting of aviation), second Great week of aviation of the Champagne organized in July 1910, military contests of airplanes of Rheims of October and November 1911 (another first world) and crosses international of aviation Gordon-Benett speed of the September 27th, 28th and 29th 1913 gained by Rémois Prévost with 203 kilometers per hour.

The Garrison of Rheims, important since the end of the 19th century, is, at last century, the parking place of many military formations. Those add up several thousands of soldiers placed in many barracks: barracks Colbert (boulevard of Peace), barracks Jeanne d' Arc (Pommery boulevard), Neufchâtel barracks and Maistre (street of Neufchâtel). In 2007, only remains the Colbert barracks, unused.

The First World War destroys most of the city. The cathedral is seriously damaged by German bombardments. It made, since, the object of important restoration campaigns which still currently continue.

During the Years 1920, Rheims is the birthplace of a literary movement of importance: the Big game , animated mainly by Rene Daumal and Roger Gilbert-Lecomte.

Of June 1940 to August 30th, 1944, Rheims is occupied by the German army; the general Eisenhower installs his general headquarter there after the release of the city. The rendering of the German army is signed in Rheims in a room of the technical and modern School (current college Roosevelt) the May 7th 1945, with 2:41, by the German marshal Alfred Jodl. This date thus corresponds at the end of the combat in Europe. The following day, the May 8th 1945, on the initiative of the Soviet Union, one second signature takes place with Berlin by the marshal Wilhelm Keitel. This second date corresponds to the unconditional surrender of the German mode.

With leaving the war, like most of France, the town of Rheims knows a strong urbanization, in particular with the installation of popular quarters, especially in the years 1960-1970 (districts Wilson, Orgeval, Europe, Châtillons, Croix-Rouge, etc)

In 1962, Charles de Gaulle and the German chancellor Konrad Adenauer take part in a mass for the Franco-German reconciliation with the Notre-Dame cathedral of Rheims.

In 1996, the pope Jean-Paul II returns visit to the cathedral of Rheims to celebrate the thousand five hundred years of the Christian Monarchie in France, Corresponding to the baptism of Clovis. On the air base 112, it celebrates a mass in front of more than two hundred and thousand faithful.

Culture and inheritance

Rheims is classified town of art and history.

Architectural heritage

It comprises four buildings registered on the Liste of the world heritage of UNESCO since 1991.

• Cathedral Notre-Dame, whose turns had: 13548 visitors in 1999, was built at the 13th century and was the place of the sacring of the majority of kings de France.
• Palate of the Tau, old palate of the Archbishop of Rheims, rebuilt under Louis XIV, and after the fire of the September 19th 1914.
• Basilica Saint-Remi, built starting from 1007 and which thus celebrate its millenium in 2007.
• Adjacent with the basilica, the old royal abbey Saint-Remi where was preserved the Sainte Bulb sacring of kings de France.

Other monuments are also of an interest:

• Gallo-Roman Porte Mars
• Gallo-Roman Cryptoportique (Place of the Forum) it is a half-sunken Gallo-Roman gallery of the 3rd century, it is classified historic building.
• Vault Our-Lady-of-the-Peace known as Vault Foujita (street of the Champ de Mars)
• Library Carnegie
• Crématorium of Rheims
• Private mansions of the boulevard Lundy
• Hotel of Brimont
• Hotel of the Chalk pits
• Hotel Mignot
• Hotel Godbert
• Hotel Werlé, known as Roederer
• Hotels of the district of the Harvests
• Royal Place
• Old College of the Jesuits (Museux place), built at the 17th century, it is classified historic building (: 43240 visitors in 2002).

Two hikes ( historical circuit , circuit Art Déco ) make it possible to benefit from this inheritance.

; Garden city of the Green path Built by the architect Jean-Marcel Auburtin between 1920 and 1924 on the initiative of a group of catholic owners made up in a company HBM: the Hearth rémois (founded in 1912). 600 residences are built on 30 hectares, in a regionalistic style, residences distributed of 14 type of houses, isolated or grouped, all equipped with a garden. The city is equipped with schools and trade and a common house sheltering the public baths, a library, a village hall, a domestic school and the administration of the city. It especially has in its center the Holy-Nicaise church, decorated by the painters Gustave-Louis Jaulmes and Maurice Denis, the craftsman in wrought iron Raymond Subes, the sculptors Emma Thiolliers and Roger de Villiers and the glassmaker Rene Lalique. The city is always property of same company HLM. It was during very a long time the object of visits of the whole world to come to see this model of Cité-jardin.

; Near Rheims:

• Castle of Cop (rich decorations of the century of the lights)

Environmental inheritance

Rheims has of 82 Parc S and 14 adventure playgrounds. The city counts also three Jardin S remarkable classified in the Base Mérimée: the garden Schneiter (Louis-Roederer boulevard), the garden of the hillocks Saint-Nicaise (Diancourt boulevard), the park Pommery (avenue of the General-Giraud). Five pedestrian courses whose one dedicated to the trees of the city make it possible to benefit from it.

Family gardens in Rheims

In Rheims, there exist nine associations of family Jardins. The goal of these associations is to provide to families or people alone of the gardens for their personal needs, other than any marketing activity. Various associations are located on the Communauté of communes of Rheims (Rheims Métropole).

The whole represents approximately: 1800 associative pieces. Certain associations gathered of local federation. The family Jardins of Rheims received the special price 2005 of the Fleurissement of the family Jardins collective of the Council of the cities and flowered villages.

Company of horticulture

In Rheims, the Company of horticulture of the district of Rheims was created in 1877 and adheres to the National company of Horticulture of France. Its main activities are: Grafting, Gardening, floral art, vegetables, fuchsias, orchises, fruit-bearing Arboriculture, hardy perennials, basins and watery plants and Parasitology. Approximately 400 people adhere to it.

Cultural heritage

Several Musée S is listed in Rheims among which:

• Museum-abbey Saint-Remi (street Simon), installed in the old royal abbey bénédictine, classified World heritage by UNESCO, it is the museum of history and archeology of the city of which Gallo-Roman collections, etc (: 42788 visitors in 1999).
• Palate of the Tau (place of the Luçon Cardinal), it shelters in particular the royal treasure of the cathedral and many objects used at the time of the sacring of the king Charles X.
• Museum of the Art schools (street Chanzy), it is founded in 1794 starting from the revolutionary seizures (: 34638 visitors in 2002).
• Museum of Rendering (Franklin street Roosevelt), the room of the signature of the capitulation of the armies of IIIe Reich the May 7th 1945, this room is classified historic building. (: 16126 visitors in 2002)
• Museum of the car of Rheims Champagne (Georges Clémenceau avenue), it is the fifth automobile museum of France by the importance of its collection (: 15000 visitors in 2002).
• Musée says Hôtel the Dandy roll (place of the Forum), it is the museum of the Rheims old man sheltered in a private mansion built at the 13th century and nouveau riche of parts Renaissance at the 16th century (: 11547 visitors in 1999).
• Funds regional of contemporary art Champagne-Ardenne (FRAC) (Old College of the Jesuits, places Museux) whose vocation is, since 1982, to constitute and diffuse a collection of works of Contemporary art (: 3653 visitors in 2002).

The city counts two Médiathèque S (Croix-Rouge media library, media library Jean Falala), five Bibliothèque S and the horse-gear).

The conservatory national of the area of Rheims exemption an artistic teaching concerning the music and the dance.

; Near Rheims:

• Museum of the Extremely of Pompelle (to 5 km of Rheims on the RN 44 in direction of Châlons-in-Champagne), built 1880 with 1883, it is a high-place of the First World War (: 23700 visitors in 1999).
• Museum of air base 112 and local aeronautics (secondary road 966 while following the Brussels direction), it presents one century of aviation to Rheims and in its surroundings.

Gastronomy

See also: Wine from champagne, pink Cookie of Rheims

The Wine from champagne is naturally a speciality of the area, like the pink cookies of Rheims, very indicated to accompany it. The city has besides a long tradition of Pâtisserie with the cookies Charles VII, the Rem cookie, the Gingerbread and the little nun. The ham of Rheims as well as the vinegar and the mustard of Rheims are less known.

In the traditional plan, one finds the potful Champagne containing cabbage, small salted, streaky bacon and knuckle of ham been used with wet bread sections for the vegetable stock.

Economy

Rheims is the first economic pole of the area Champagne-Ardenne in front of Troyes.

Principal sectors of economic activities of Rheims:

• Agroalimentary (Champagne Cereals, Crystal Union, ARD and in particular, the champagne);
• Health/Beauty (Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Boiron, Diamed, Eugene Perma);
• Automobile Industry (Valeo, Truces, Trelleborg, Bosal, Brink…) ;
• Logistic and Emballage and Conditioning with Packaging Valley (BSN, Alcan, Holy Gobain, Smurfit, Seyfert);
• Bank, insurance, real estate, services with the companies, cal centers (HSBC, Natexis, Direct ING, Techcity, ICC, Chaire Bank, Kuoni, Taxi G7);
• Construction, construction industry;
• Health and social action;
• Teaching and research;
• Hotel trade and restoration;
• Industry of metals (world seat of Arcelor Mittal Distribution);
• Industry of glass (Owens-Illinois);

With the arrival of the TGV which puts Rheims at only 45 minutes of Paris, the agglomeration positions like place of privileged reception of the Parisian companies wishing to delocalize itself with operating costs on average lower by 25%.

An economic development agency was created in 2003 to support the arrival of investment on the agglomeration rémoise. This one is financed by the town of Rheims, the Chamber of commerce and of industry and the agglomeration (Rheims Métropole).

Rheims is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Rheims and Epernay. It manages the river port and the airport.

Demography

• Common (2004): : 184400 inhabitants: 3930 hab/km ²
• urban Unit (1999): : 215581 inhabitants: 2283 hab/km ²
• urban Surface (1999): : 272620 inhabitants

• Source

Residences

Because of its tourist potential, Rheims count nearly 60 Hôtel S as well as a parking space for Camping-car S (nine places) but also a international stay center and a residence stay and business in the Clairmarais district. The lieutenant Georges Hébert was invited by the marquis Melchior of Polignac to put his natural method into practice in the Pommery park, created in 1907 (today Champagne park), a space of 22 ha devoted to the leisures and the sports. True a University of training of the professors of gymnastics is then created, whose Hébert becomes the director in 1913.
Rheims was the first crowned city “the most sporting city of France” by the daily newspaper the Team in 1937.

Nowadays, one finds there also many equipment, which is preceded by the meeting young people of athletics .

• Rheims with all legs! (RATJ) an event dedicated to the runners with five race S in the same day of which marathon and Semi-marathon.

Cultural life

The municipality of Rheims encourages the associative activities and organizes, every two years, the Forum of Associations and publishes, as of the shortly after the forum, a directory of associations which counted 801 associations in the edition 2005-2006. In alternation with the forum, is held the Assises Associations , since 1996, in order to found a dialog with associations.

The municipality of Rheims places at the disposal eight rooms in various districts for various festive, ludic demonstrations, informative, etc Moreover, a house of associations (with the angle of the street of Barbâtre and street Eugene Wiet) gives access nine meeting rooms, two rooms of physical-activities, several offices of permanence and the letter-boxes.

Festivities

Rheims takes part in the national cultural festivities like the night of the museums , the European Journées of the inheritance , the Fête of the music or a summer with the cinema .

In March, the international meetings are held of television (RITV), a festival of televisual creations where the professionals and the public meet. And Méli' kid (since 1989) is a festival dedicated to the young public which proposes between 25 and 30 spectacles.
In May, it is the festival Brut of scene , intended for the amateurs of Théâtre. As Elektricity is a festival of electronic musics (since 2003).
In June take place the festivals of Jeanne d' Arc which drain many a public, as well as the international festival of folklore " Sacrings of Folklore" who accommodates each year ten troops of dancers and traditional musicians of the four corners of the world (since 1981).

During the summer the musical dawdlings are held of summer during which 100 Concert S are given more, of which the many ones with the admission free, in various places of the ville.
In September, it is Jonglissimo (since 1994), a convention of Jonglage.
In November, Rheims jazz festival (14° edition in 2007) which is a festival dedicated to the Jazz. And an autumn with the movies , three days when the places of the Cinéma S of the downtown area are with a tariff préférentielle.
Finally in December, has open scene is a festival dedicated to the decompartmentalization and the experimentation in the scenic art.

Media

Written press

• the Union
• the hebdo of Friday
• current Reflections

Television

• France 3 Lorraine Champagne-Ardenne
• Médiatour (chain intended for the hotels of tourism)

The SCUMS launched an invitation to tender for a local television in Rheims on TNT, it could be thus probably that a true local television appears finally (See the site of SCUMS). A first project was presented by Cœur association of Champagne TV.

Radio

• Champagne FM (102,1)
• NRJ Rheims (100,6)
• Happy FM (89,8)
• Europe 2 Champagne (88,8)
• France Blue Champagne (95,1)
• RCF Rheims the Ardennes (87,9)
• Radio operator Headlight (97,8)
• Radio Primitive (92,4)
• Soleilmédia (96,2)
• Radio Young people Rheims (106,1)
• Cicada FM (90,5)

Transport

See also: Urban transport of Rheims

Public transport of Rheims Métropole is ensured by the company Urban transport of Rheims (TUR).
There exists a service of transport (Transport REMois Adapté) carries to door intended for the people who because of a handicap, cannot use the principal network of bus and the city proposes 447 places reserved to the holders of the European chart GIC-GIG .

Health

Rheims has a great number of equipment in term of prevention: a médico-psychological Center (street of the University), a hearth of Readjustment (hearth Pierre Hecquet, 15 places), a reception center and care for the drug addicts (street Grandval), a Hospital of day (street Voltaire), a médico-psycho-teaching center (CMPP, street Kellermann), a consultation of anonymous and free tracking of the AIDS (hospital Robert Debré), a house of the nutrition, heart, obesity and diabetes of Champagne-Ardenne (Toulouse-Lautrec place), a permanence of the movement marnais for the Family planning (MJC White House), etc It exists too public public baths (street Paul Valiant-Dressmaker).

The city counts 78 Pharmacie S.

Early childhood

Rheims has nine collective cribs, managed for the majority by the Protective Société of Childhood , and two family cribs. It exists there also ten Halt-nursery S, as well as a relai Maternal assistants (20-22 rue du Ruisselet). Four antennas Maternal protection and infantile (SME) are distributed in the city.

Teaching

; Higher learning

• the University of Rheims Champagne-Ardenne, of which the IUT Rheims-Châlons-Charleville and the School of engineer in packing and conditioning (ESIEC);
• Rheims Management School (to which belonged the National college of business of Rheims);
• the IITBTP, Institute of engineer of the techniques of the building and public works;
• Institute of town and country planning and environment of the university of Rheims: Master town planning, installation, environment of Rheims.
• University in applied information technology (Exia)
• the school superior of art and design. (ESAD)

Places of worship

; Catholic worship

See also: Amorce=voir the, List of the archbishops of Rheims

• Archbishop's palace
• Cathedral Notre-Dame;
• Basilica Saint-Remi;
• Church Saint-Jacob;
• Basilica Holy-Clotilde;
• Saint-Nicaise Church, classified among the historic buildings;
• Vault Our-Lady-of-the-Peace (known as Vault Foujita );
• the Saint-Maurice church (partially rebuilt in 1867 then after the fire of 1943)
• the Saint-Andrew church, which has a stained glass of the 16th century;
• the church Saint-Thomas (built between 1847 and 1853 under the patronage of the cardinal Thomas Gousset which rests now between its walls);
• Saint-Beno4it cheese of the Laon-Zola district, built towards 1910;
• Saint-Jean-Marie-Vianney of the Wilson district, interesting building of the Years 1960 in spite of the vicissitudes;
• Saint-Vincent-of-Paul of the district Europe, successful example of contemporary architecture out of reinforced concrete.

; Worship protesting

• Temple protesting of Rheims

; Jewish worship

• Synagog of Rheims

; Six Cemetery S:

• Cemetery of North
• Cemetery of the South
• Cemetery of the East
• Cemetery of the West
• Cemetery of the Avenue of landscape Laon
• Cemetery of Neuvillette

Administrative life

Administration

Rheims is a Sous-préfecture department of the Marne. It is the Chef-lieu of the Arrondissement of Rheims and the ten canton S homonyms which composes it. It counts 83 polling stations (including the mayor and sixteen assistant), proportionally with the number of inhabitants.

Intercommunality

In 1964, Rheims starts to join common the peripherals in an urban district. Following the law of 1999 on the intercommunality (law Chevènement), the district becomes a null and void structure, and the communes must adopt a new form of intercommunality. The members of the district not having succeeded in agreeing on the methods of creation of a the Community of agglomeration (structure recommended for an agglomeration of this size), the district is transformed by defect, on January 1st 2002, in Communauté of communes.

It is only at January 1st 2004, an agreement having finally been found, that the community of agglomeration of Rheims can be born. It includes/understands six communes: Bétheny, Bezannes, Cormontreuil, Rheims, Saint-Brice-Courcelles, Tinqueux and counts: 218928 hab. In 2005, the community of agglomeration of Rheims takes the name of Rheims Métropole .

List mayors of Rheims

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Candidates with the nomination 2008: Adeline Hazan (PS), Renaud Dutreil (UMP), Catherine Vautrin (UMP), Jean-Louis Schneiter (DVD), Jean Marie Beaupuy (MODEM).)

Public service on the spot

Rheims shelters many administrations and public services on its territory: offices of station, center of the taxes, principal treasury, three National agency for employment (ANPE), three ASSEDIC, Social security (CPAM, street of Ruisselet), allowance office family (CIF, street of the Capuchins); a Communal center of social action (CCAS, street Voltaire); etc

; Safety Rheims gather two Casernes firemen (fitted Bocquaine and road of Witry), a police headquarters (boulevard Louis Roederer) and three offices additional, two gendarmeries (street of the Square General and street Bertrand de Mun) and a municipal police.

Famous characters

Y were born

Y rest or died there

Y remained

Twinnings

Quotations

• “ It is not of city which I prefer in Rheims: It is the ornament and the honor of France. ” Jean of the Fountain
• “ the ugly monotony of Rheims very the punt. ” Roger Gilbert-Lecomte

See too

Related articles

• Urban transport of Rheims

External bonds

• Official site of the town of Rheims
• feudal currencies of Rheims
• Tourist office of Rheims

Random links:

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