Rhétie

The Rhétie still called Rhétie-Vindélicie is a Province of the Empire Roman, limited to north by the the Danube, to the east by the course of the In and the province of Norique, in the West by the higher Germanie, in the south the Gaulle cisalpine. It covers the part of the Bavaria in the south of the Danube, is Suisse, source of the the Rhine to the lake of Constancy, and the the Austrian Tyrol. Before the Roman conquest, the Tyrol was occupied by Rhètes, and Bavaria by Vindéliciens.

Rhétie Roman

Conquered in 15 av. J. - C. by Drusus and Tibère at the same time as Norique. against Rhètes, victory of the lake of Constancy, Creates into -15, the imperial Province of Rhétie is initially controlled by a procurator, then by the commander of the legio III Italica . Towards 6 av J.C., two legions station in Rhétie, the XIII Geminated and the XXI Rapax .

Its principal city is the colony Augusta Vindelicorum (Augsburg) based by the Romans in Vindélicie on a small affluent of the Danube, the place chief of the province; Other cities: Castrated Regina (Ratisbon) on the Danube, Batava Castra (Passau), Cambodunum (Kempten), Curia (Coire in Switzerland).

Rhétie in IIe century

Under the Flaviens, slow nibbling by the Romans of covering Germanic between the Rhine and the Danube (Fields Décumates) saw the extension of Rhétie thanks to the establishment of many forts of auxiliaries to the north of the Danube, upstream of Castrated Regina. This Roman reinforcement improved the military and commercial connections between the provinces of Gaules and Germanic, on the one hand, and the Danubian axis, towards the Pannonia and the Mésie, giving a modest position of intermediary to Rhétie. However, Rhétie does not reach a great economic development in the Roman Empire and remains a minor province.

Rhétie in IIIe century

See also: Great invasions

From IIIe century, Rhétie is directly exposed with the Germanic attacks, mainly of the Alamans. During the first confrontations in 213 and 233-235, Caracalla then Maximin Thrace inflicts defeats to them such as they put a generation before attacking again. The situation is reversed from 258, when Alamans destroy the forts of the rhéno-Danubian Limes and launch a raid devastator as a Gaulle, Spain and Italy. In spring 259, Gallien beats them close to Milan, but must give up the Décumates Fields to them: Alamans settle in this projecting from where they easily pass the Rhine or the Danube, directly threatening Gaulle of the East, Rhétie and Italy of North.

Rhétie in IVe century

Alamans now direct their attacks to settle on left bank of the Rhine (foundation of the Royaume alaman), involuntarily offering a respite to Rhétie.

Roman end of Rhétie

In 401, Vandals and of Alains which flee the Huns invade Rhétie and Norique. Stilicon beats them and installs them like federate in the north of Italy. After the invasions of 406 as a Gaulle, and 408 in Italy, the Romans do not have any more the means of defending Rhétie effectively.

At the 5th century, the king of the Ostrogoths Théodoric, exerts a protectorate on Rhétie of north, and includes the southern part in his kingdom.

Rhétie is occupied at the beginning of the Life century by the Bavarois, period over which the sources are lacunar. They create a kingdom there, that Charlemagne will annex.

Small islands of romanisation will persist, a few centuries around évêché of Augsburg, and until our days in Switzerland, in the south of Coire, where a language remains Latin E, the speech Romanche. This language is called besides Rätoromanisch in German, that is to say the " réthoroman" or " novel of Rhétie".

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds

  • Danubian provinces of the Roman Empire: Celts, Romans, German Yann Bohec, Professor of Roman history at the university Paris Iv-Sorbonne.

Random links:Emperador Heizei | Patrick Delnatte | University Paris X Nanterre | Department of Mostaganem | Carlo Perini | Wolfgang Murnberger | Luís_Fróis