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Jacobus Henricus van 'T Hoff (August 30th 1852 - March 1st 1911) was a physicist and chemist Dutch. He accepted the first Nobel Prize of chemistry. Its principal research tasks related to the chemical Cinétique, the balances chemical, the osmotic Pression and the Cristallographie. It contributed to the creation of the physical Chimie such as we know it today.

Childhood and studies

Jacobus van “T Hoff was born with Rotterdam from a father Médecin. Since its more young age, it is interested by sciences. Against the will of his father, it first of all leaves to study chemistry at the polytechnic institute of Delft, then at the university of Leyde, Bonn in Germany, where it studies with Friedrich Kekulé, with Paris where it studies with A.C. Wurtz, and finally it receives its Doctorat at the university of Utrecht in 1874. In 1878, he marries Johanna Francina Mees with which he have two girls, Johanna Francina (born in 1880) and Aleida Jacoba (born in 1882), and two wire, Jacobus Hendricus (born in 1883) and Govert Jacob (born in 1889).

Scientific work

Before to have even received its doctorate, Van “T Hoff already published the first of its important contributions to the Organic chemistry. In 1874, he explains the phenomenon of Optical activity, by supposing that the chemical bonds between the carbon atoms and their neighbors are directed in direction of the angles of a regular Tétraèdre. This structure in three dimensions explains perfectly the presence of the Isomère S found in nature. It shares the credit of this discovery with the French chemist Joseph Beautiful the, which presents independently the same idea.

In 1884, it publishes the result of its research ( Études of chemical Dynamics ) on the chemical Cinétique where it describes a new method of determination of the Ordre of the reactions by using graphs and applies the laws of the Thermodynamique to the chemical balances. It also introduces the chemical concept of Affinité. In 1886, it shows the similarity between the behavior of the diluted solutions and gases. Up to 1895, he works on the theory of Arrhenius of dissociation of the electrolyte S.

Van “T Hoff becomes chemistry teacher and of physique to the veterinary college of Utrecht. He becomes chemistry teacher, of Minéralogie and Géologie at the university of Amsterdam during almost 18 years before then taking the direction of the pulpit of the department of chemistry of the university. He finishes his career at the university of Berlin of 1896 with 1911. In 1887, it founds with the German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald the scientific magazine Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie (" newspaper of chemistry-physique").

He is prize winner of the Davy Médaille in 1893.
In 1901, it accepted the first Nobel Prize of chemistry, for its work on the diluted solutions, and in particular the discovery of the osmotic Pression.

He dies in Steglitz, Germany of the Tuberculose.

See too

  • Law of Van' T Hoff

References

  • H.A.M. Snelders, '' Hoff, Jacobus Henricus van 'T (1852-1911) '', in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland.

  • Museum Boerhaave Negen Nederlandse Nobelprijswinnaars
  • E.W. Meijer (2001). " Jacobus Henricus van 'T Hoff; Hundred Years off Impact one Stereochemistry in the Netherlands". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 40 (20): 3783-3789.
  • Trienke Mr. van der Spek (2006). " Selling has Theory: The Role off Molecular Models in J.H. van 'T Hoff' S Stereochemistry Theory". Indigo plants off Science 63 (2): 157 - 177.
  • Kreuzfeld HJ, Hateley MJ. (1999). " 125 years off enantiomers--back to the roots Jacobus Henricus van' T Hoff 1852-1911". Enantiomer 4 (6): 491-6.

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