Regrouping

see also: Etymology of Regrouping

The regrouping or rural regrouping , is the regrouping of the arable lands pertaining to one or more Agriculteur S around the Farm. By gathering the too weak, or too dispersed Pieces S of Surface S so that they are easily exploitable, the regrouping wants to reduce the costs of exploitation, to facilitate and optimize the work of the farmer by limiting his needs for displacements and transport and by adapting the compartmental one and the topograhie to the techniques and agricultural machines modern (Mécanisation, machines larger and heavier such as large tractors and Moissonneuses threshing-machines). The regrouping has like main objective to improve the structure of the farms, but it is often the occations to modernize the local roadway system. Nowadays, the regrouping itself is generally accompanied by operations of installation Rural (after Public survey and impact study in France), including for example the construction of new ways, the destruction of whole or part of the old grid of the ways, the displacement of ditches the alignment of pieces and Chemin S, the arrasage of the slopes, the pulling up and sometimes the replanting of Haie S (Compensatory measures), the drainage of the grounds and a re-callipering of the River, with or without public Subvention S and financial participations of the farmers.

The regroupings are often criticized to have been the cause of a massive and not compensated scrap-metal and networks of slope, as well as networks of ditches, ponds and micro destruction wetlands which constituted a green Trame functional ecologically useful and agronomically useful as sheltering many auxiliaries of agriculture. In France Grenelle of the Environment in 2007 proposed the idea to institute a new form of regrouping which would repair this damage, known as “Regrouping environmental” or “regrouping ecological ”,

Regrouping in France

History of the regrouping

Under the Roman occupation of many regroupings, whose traces are still visible in the landscape, are carried out. Their objective was multiple:

to establish the private property or Community and to distribute the grounds between autochtones and veterans
To produce a base simple and recognized of land register
To control space for in particular better jointly developing the roads and cultures
To be a window of Rome, even in the countryside, far from the cities examples

This solution was also used with the Middle Ages to gather the goods of the abbeys.

In France, the first modern regrouping would have taken place with Reopen-in-Plain (Coast-with Or), 300 years ago, in 1707. One century later, the senator of Dijon quotes in example this regrouping. At the beginning of the XXe century, a first law founds the regrouping but gains little success. The second, of 1941, has a little more success but it is implemented with slowness.

Today

In France, the regrouping is largely framed by the law, which envisages a concerted procedure, but which in the final analysis is binding to the owners and to owners to allow that its implementation is not compromised by the dissension of part of the people concerned.

The regrouping knew one period (years 1960 1980) where it was largely implemented on the French territory. It then became less frequent, initially because the territory where its interest was most obvious had already been re-allocated one or more time. Then, because its negative impacts on the environment were increasingly manifest (Inondation S, Flow mud, worsened effect of the Sécheresse S, generalization of the use of the chemical and imported inputs (Engrai S, Pesticide S, Clarification sludge, and others Amendement S), vulgarizing and ecological and landscape impoverishment, loss of Humus resulting in particular in a erosion and degradation of the grounds, etc).

With the increasing taking into account of the social questions, ecological, medical, needs for qualitative and quantitative management of water, the glance of the town councilors, farmers and of the public on the regrouping and the landscape which it has product thus changed. The rural Tourism, the Rurbanisation and the Périurbanisation, the environmental concerns and landscape also changed the points of view into developing again the Bocage ) and its multiple functions where it disappeared with the profit from the Openfield following the regroupings. The social-economic impacts collateral of the regroupings, buildings and differed are also discussed. As an element of the process of industrialization and intensification of the agriculture, which was accompanied by a massive loss of agricultural employment (several million employment lost in a few decades in France) the regrouping is questioned.

The frequent type of implementation of the regrouping was accompanied by an important ecological impoverishment by the medium by elimination of part of the hedges and water points, and of an increased erosion. The decree n° 95.88 of January 27th 1995 now at least impose the realization of a analyzes initial state of the site for certain operations of improvement of land (of which the regrouping), but it is rare that precise and effective programs are really carried out or durable as regards replanting, restoration or maintenance of trees, alignments, scrap-metal note Bélouard & Coulon. However the departments generally conditions the installation of the regrouping with the respect of these standards.

These last years, the operation of regrouping are generally carried out at the time of the construction of new infrastructures such as highways and railway lines which split up the compartmental agricultural one. In the wine-producing areas historically prone to erosion, the regrouping is still presented like a useful means to fight it. They must now be accompanied by compensatory measures, in particular aiming to reconstitute or preserve the natural environments destroyed, and with this intention to be accompanied by impact studies. In France, the regrouping, as such, does not exist today any more, since the Relative law with the Development of the Rural Territories (LDTR of February 23rd, 2005) replaced it by the procedure of agricultural and forest Improvement of land.

One also speaks about urban Remembrement in connection with operation of installation Foncier having for goal a redistribution of the properties.

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds

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