The Red Sea (Arab: البحرالأحمر Bahr el-Ahmar ) is a sea will intra continental of the Indian Ocean between the North Africa and the the Middle East of a surface of approximately 450  000  km ².

Geography

The Red Sea is long of about 1900 km, for a maximum width 300 km and a maximum depth of 2500 Mètre S in the central median pit, with an average depth of 500 meters.

To the southern, the Red Sea communicates with the Indian Ocean by the Détroit of Bab el Mandeb and the Golfe of Aden. With the Northern is the Péninsule the Sinai, the Golfe of Aqaba and the Suez Canal (who allows the communication with the the Mediterranean).

The countries bordering the Red Sea are Djibouti, the Érythrée, the Sudan, the Egypt, Israel, the Jordan, the Saudi Arabia and the Yemen.

Some coastal towns of the Red Sea: Assab, Port Sudan, Port Safaga, Hurghada, El Suweis, Charm el-Cheikh, Eilat, Akaba, Dahab, Djeddah, Al Hudaydah.

Climate

The Température S of water surface of the Red Sea are relatively constant, between 21 and 25 °C, which does of it one of the hottest seas of the world. The visibility remains relatively good up to 200 meters of depth but the winds can rise quickly and the current sailors to appear treacherous. The creation of the Red Sea is due to the separation of the Africa of the Arabic Péninsule.

Fauna and flora

There is many shallow waters at sea Rouge, famous for the exubérance of the underwater life which shelters there, that they are many varieties of Poisson S or splendid corals. It is populated of more than 1000 species of Invertébré S, of 200 species of corals and at least 300 species of Requin S.

Why does one float more in the Red Sea?

The Red Sea is one of the most salted seas sphere with a salinity of 42 USP whereas in a general way the oceans have a salinity with 35 USP. It is generally recognized besides that people of the area are less dense, from where them propensity to float more easily.

According to the principle of Archimedes which says that any body plunged in a fluid is upwards thorough with a force equal to the weight of the volume of water moved , and knowing that the Red Sea contains 42 G of salt per kilogram of water (against 35 G per kilogram for the oceans) and also that more one water is rich in salt plus it is dense; a body plunged in the Red Sea will thus float more than in an ocean.

Actually, 4% of the body are out of water against 2% in fresh water.

Geology

The movement (plate tectonics) started it there has a about thirty million years (Oligocene) (see geological Time scale) and nowadays continues, which explains the existence of a ic activity Volcan in the major parts. One admits that the Red Sea will become a Océan, as proposed in the model of Tuzo Wilson.

History

The Égyptiens were the first to try a mission of exploration of the Red Sea.

The Bible, in the book of the Exodus, tells the famous history according to which Moïse leads the Israélites towards freedom through the water, (probably Red Sea which disappeared since because of derivation of water of the Suez Canal), by using the power of God to divide water; in spite of studies, there is no formal historical proof.

It was a Greek navigator, Hippalus, which gave an international dimension to the Red Sea in its proclamation on the voyage of the sea of Érythrée and thus opened it with an immense and exclusive trade with the Asia. It was only as from the 15th century approximately that the Europe started to express interest for this zone.

In 1798, the France sent the general Bonaparte to invade the Egypt. The engineer Architecte Jean-Baptiste Lepère, who took share with forwarding, renewed the plan for a channel which had been considered during the reign of the Pharaon S. the Suez Canal was open in November 1869. At that time, the English, French, and the Italians divided the stations of trade. The stations were gradually dismantled after the First World War. After the Second world war, the Americans and the Soviets exerted their influence while the oil traffic intensified. However, the Guerre the Six Day old culminated with the closing of Suez Canal between 1967 and 1975. Still today, in spite of patrols by the large maritime fleets in sea waters Red, Suez Canal forever found its supremacy on the road of the Cape, which is now regarded as less dangerous.

Tourism

The Red Sea is a tourist destination famous, in particular for the amateurs of Plongée underwater (Photo panoramic of the Seaside resort of Eilat in the south of Israel).

See too

External bonds

Simple: Red Sea Zh-min-nan: Âng-hái

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