Quades

The Quades (Latin Mr. quadi ) are Western Germanic people, perhaps of germano-Celtic, known origin in particular thanks to the Roman historian Tacite.

The Suèves were confused a long time with Quades, because of a confusion with the term “souabe”. Actually, Quades are especially to bring closer to their closer Germanic neighbors, the Marcomans, with which they shared many engagements against Rome.

The exact origin of Quades is unknown. They were established very early in current the Moravie. Tacit ( Germanic the , XLII, 1), locates them as follows:

“Beside Hermundures, lives Naristes and, with their continuation, Marcomans and Quades. The glory and the power of Marcomans make their superiority, just like their territory which they acquired by their bravery by expelling Boiens formerly. Naristes and Quades are worth them well. They form to some extent the face of Germanic from beginning to end on all bank of the Danube. ”

Quickly, they seems became recalcitrant allies of Rome. Thus, at the time augustéenne, the future king of the Marcomans, Marobod, had been hostage in Rome in his youth. Of the king of Quades quoted by Tacit, Tuder, one is unaware of all. In any case, they maintained a difficult “alliance” with Rome under Domitien, towards 80. With this last, they refused to provide auxiliaries against the Daces. About the same period (the date is dubious), they destroyed a Roman Légion. They also faced the troops of the Emperor in a campaign which proved to be disastrous for Rome, in 89.

At the 2nd century, Quades drove out Daces which, established in the south of current the Slovakia, had been subjected by Rome at the end of the previous century. Quades then exerted a constant pressure on the Danubian files with their neighbors of the south (namely another Germanic tribe established on the low-Danube, the Marcomans).

Having crossed the Danube in 167, then running up against the Roman armies, they passed by again the river in 168, after having required peace of Rome. Again threatening the borders of the empire, under the control of their king Ariogaesus, they were demolished on their own territory by Marc-Aurèle in 169, in an unhappy coalition with the Marcomans. Subjected during a time, they revolted in 177.

At the 3rd century, Quades are again demolished at the sides of the Carpes by Philippe the Arab (in 247).

At the summer 375, they are demolished by Valentinien I {{er}} which, moreover, would have died of an access of anger against their ambassadors, in November of the same year.

It is at the end of the 4th century that a new threat appears: the hunnic Empire subjects or disperses Quades, like many Germanic people, involving the major phase of the Great invasions bearing on the Empire of Occident. Thus, in 406, of Quades cross the the Rhine at the sides of the Vandales. They follow the latter beyond the the Pyrenees in 408, before conquering current the Province of León and founding a kingdom in Galicia: the Kingdom suève.

Finally, eclipsed at the time of the empire of Attila (until in 453), the presence of Quades - and more generally of the German ones - on the Danube is completed when the Slaves settle in the area.

See too

Internal bonds

late Antiquity

External bonds

Tacit on Quades (translation in French of '' Germanic the '' on the site of the '' Bibliotheca Classica Selected '' - ''''' BCS ''''')

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