Propellent
A propellent , in the field of the Astronautics, is a homogeneous substance employed only or in partnership with other substances and intended to provide energy. The propellents are the products initial, separate, used in a propelling system with reaction. They consist of elements Oxydant and Réducteur /combustible.
The corresponding terms in English are propellent , and fuel .
The term of residual propellents is employed to indicate unburnt propellents.
One assimilates sometimes propellent components and Propergol S.
Classification of propellents
The propellents are classified according to:
- them state: solid, Liquid, gas (ever used) or hybrids (liquid-solid),
- the number of the components: Monopropellant, bipropellant (or biergol), triergol,
- them Temperature of conditioning: cryotechnic, stoquables, high temperature (rarer).
Required properties of propellents
The required properties of propellents are:
- a high Density to reduce the volume of the tanks,
- a possible Boiling point highest,
- a energy of combustion (or decomposition) high,
- of the stable products of combustion (weak dissociation),
- of the products of combustion to weak molar Mass.
Principal liquid propellents
List principal liquid propellents:
- Reducing
- Dihydrogène (LH2);
- Hydrazine;
- Monométhyl-hydrazine (MMH);
- asymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine (UDMH);
- Kerosene;
- ethanol;
- ethyl ether;
- Spirits of turpentine.
-
Oxidizing
- Dioxygène (LOX);
- Peroxide of nitrogen;
- hydrogen peroxide;
- Acid nitric;
- Perchloric acid;
- Tetrafluorohydrazine ;
- Fluorine;
- Fluoride of oxygen.
Principal solid propellents
List principal solid propellents:
- Perchlorate of ammonium.
Reference
Right French: decree of February 20th, 1995 relating to the terminology of sciences and space technology.
See too
- space Propulsion
- List of the articles relating to astronautics
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