Polysaccharide

The polysaccharides (sometimes called glycanes ) are a form of Glucides called in the language running of the Sucre S (although the chemical correspondence is badly by the way).

In chemistry

They are formed Polymère S of a certain number of Monosaccharide S having for general formula:

- N - (where is there generally X - 1)

They constitute a very important family of often ramified molecules and they tend not to take of particular form: it is said that they are amorphous. They are insoluble in water, and they do not have a To be able sweetening.

One distinguishes two categories of polysaccharides:

  • the homopolysaccharides consisted of the same monosaccharide.
  • the hétéropolysaccharides made of various monosaccharides.

In biology

One can also classify them under two other categories according to their biological function:

  1. polysaccharides of reserve: the molecule energy source for the living beings is the Glucose, mainly. There will be then the Amidon at the plants and the Glycogène in the animals.
  2. structural polysaccharides: these carbohydrates takes part in the formation of the organic structures, as the Cellulose which takes part in the structure of fabrics of support at the plants. Certain polysaccharides use the composition of the capsule surrounding some Bactérie S.

Recent research on polysaccharides constituting the capsule of a stock of Escherichia coli Uropathogène showed that those prevented the formation of Biofilm S. In the presence of these polysaccharides, of the Bacteria the such Staphylocoque gilded, become unable to be organized in biofilm. They play the part of anti-adhesive and prevent the contacts between the micro-organisms. POLYSACCHARIDES of formula (C6H10O5) N like the starch, cellulose, the inulin sontdes exclusively vegetable substances of reserves. One meets the starch in the tubers (potato, manioc) in cereals; the cellulose in vegetables, grasses and inulin, in the bulbs (of garlic, onion etc) and the roots of radish, dahlia etc).

Energy use

Polysaccharides constitute a renewable resource being able to replace the oil derivatives to create biological polymers.

In May 2005 was made up the European network of research laboratories working on polysaccharides, which federates 16 laboratories in 9 countries.

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