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Thémistocle (525 - 460), born from a family of small shopkeepers without fortune, was a statesman and Athenian strategist . It had a determining role in the Greek victory at the time of the Second war medic.
Having taken part in the Battle of Marathon, it appeared obvious to him that the future of its city would be played from now on on water. Archonte of Athens in -493, Strategist in -490 and chief of the popular party of the democrats, starting from 483, it made use the incomes of the money mines of the Laurion to build Trirème S of combat, and to develop and strengthen the port of the Pirée.
When the danger of an invasion of Persians was specified, it succeeds in convincing the Greeks (Athenian, Spartiates, Corinthiens, Péloponnésiens) to gather in the panhellenic league.
At the time of the battles of Salamine in 480, Athens which had 200 ships, could provide 150 trirèmes out of the 310 the Greeks had. Thémistocle ordered this Greek fleet, and thanks to its trick and with its intelligent strategy in the naval action, it crushed the Persian fleet.
Thémistocle got busy to guarantee the safety of Athens, by continuing its maritime policy, while making build the Long Walls, connecting Athens to Pirée, in spite of the opposition of Sparte. Endowed, bold, eloquent, avid of glory and richnesses, impetuous, conceited and ambitious, it had an complete absence of scruples (Aristide showed it public money diversions), but had all qualities of a great man of State, with the capacity to see in the long run, and courage to defend and impose its ideas.
But Thémistocle liked the luxury and its tyrannical pride irritated many of its compatriots. It entered in conflict with Cimon, wire of Miltiade, on the strategy to be used to ensure Athenian hegemony. Thémistocle estimated that the principal threat would come from Sparte and not from Persians. The history gave him reason in -472.
He nevertheless was banished of his country, struck Ostracisme, he took refuge initially with Argos, where he fomented revolts against Sparte. In danger of death, it took refuge near the king of Persia Artaxerxès I {{er}}, wire of Xerxès, that Thémistocle had overcome in Salamine. However it was filled honors and the king entrusted to him the government of Greek cities of minor Asia, which it managed until his death with Magnésie in 460. Its death, at 65 years, are perhaps due to the disease or at the age but Thucydide and Plutarque tell that it is possible that it is volontrairemnt poisoned “because he did not feel in a position to achieve the promises which he had made to the King” and not to have to order a forwarding against the Greeks, its fellow-citizens.
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