Plane

See also: Plane (homonymy)

A plane is a Outil made of a sheet metal more or less tilted (iron) and adjusted in a body in Bois, Fer or synthetic matter, which let exceed the edge. A contrefer, slightly in withdrawal, breaks the shavings. The plane is held firmly with one or two hands (even with two people formerly) in successive rectilinear motions until obtaining the desired result. The Japan board use the plane while drawing whereas it is used while pushing by the Occidentaux. It is mainly used by the Charpentier, the Menuisier and the cabinetmaker to level, decrease a wood surface, or to make mouldings and grooves. It is also used by the Sculpteur on wood in order to prepare the pieces of wood in the design of bottom and high relief or in the preparation of a wood sail needle intended for art sculptor. They can be also used to level the joints of these same wood sail needles (differences in surfaces or burs of adhesive).

Functions

The planes have several functions:

to level wood. They are the Varlope and the Riflard.
to dig grooves. They are the Bouvet S, the Feuilleret S and the Guillaume S.
to level funds. They are the Guimbarde S.
to make decorative mouldings. In this case, the plane bears the name of the form which it gives to the worked part. They are the Doucine S, the heel S, etc

Various types

There exists several type of planes (manual or electric), classified by functions:

the jointer to draw up large surfaces. Its length is freed from the hollows and the bumps of the piece of wood to be drawn up.
the jack-plane , less long, with the same function but is more mobile.
the plastering trowel , short plane allowing to trim work.
the plane of workshop , is holder of a sole before lengthened. It ensures a better flatness at the time of the attack at the beginning of part (the swing avoids).
the plane jointer is heavier and has a broader iron. It is used for the completions and perfectionist surfacing (before the use of the scrapers).
the plane with weak angle of 12° . It is the most precise plane in completion (the weaker the angle of the blade is, the softer its attack is and avoids the pulling up of fibers of wood). It makes it possible to plane the end grained timber.
the plane scraper and with teeth is used in wood difficult, in the parts of wood impossible to finish.
the plane scraper with handle is used to pickle and remove the surpluses of adhesive.
the Guillaume is useful for the grooves and the rabbets. He also makes it possible to improve the shoulders of tenons. Its iron makes often only 18 mm broad!

After work of planing, one uses sometimes a Racloir which perfect the surface quality of wood. Then one can complete work by a Ponçage then by a Bouche porage…

Description/Use

has - Light
B - Iron
C - Presser
D - Serrated roller of adjustment of depth
E - Bolt before
F - Top-iron
G - side Fitter
H - Handle postpones
I - Sole
J - Adjustable tangent carriage-light

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