Pierre-François-Léonard Fountain

See also: Fountain

Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine (Pontoise, September 10th 1762 - Paris, October 13rd 1853) is a neo-classic Architecte and Décorateur French. With his/her fellow student Charles Percier, Fontaine is one of the inventors and principal representatives of the Style Worsens.

Formation and career

In addition to the interest of his architecture, Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine is remarkable by his capacity to carry out an unequalled career and to cross the regime changes: it remained with the businesses of the Consulat to the Second Empire without having to undergo of “crossing of the desert”.

Old Mode

In 1778 and 1779, under the direction of the architect Andre, the Pierre-François-Léonard young person takes part, with his father Pierre Fontaine (1735-1807), architect fountain-maker, with work of water conveyance to the Château of Isle-Adam, who belongs to Louis-François-Joseph de Bourbon, count of Walk and prince de Conti.

In 1779, it arrives at Paris, where it follows the teaching of Peyre the young person. It is at this period that it meets Charles Percier.

He is elected member of the Académie of the Art schools in 1782 and obtains the second Prix of Rome in 1785 for a project whose subject is: a sepulchral monument for the sovereigns of a great empire , in which the influence of Etienne-Louis Boullée is marked enough (see illustrations). Not having obtained the grant allotted with the first price, it goes to its expenses to Rome, where Charles Percier joined the following year. In 1787, a place is released with the Académie from France to Rome, then lodged in the Palais Mancini, and Fountain becomes boarder.

French revolution

In 1790, Fontaine returns to Paris, it starts by “scraping” for Claude Nicolas Ledoux on the barriers of granting of the Mur of the Farmers general. Between September and December 1792, in order to move away from the Revolution, it leaves for the England where it makes decoration (wallpapers, ranges, etc). On its return to Paris, it is named, with Percier, director of the decorations of the theater of the Opera. They occupy this station until in 1796.

Consulate

In 1799, thanks to the painter Jacques Louis David, it becomes acquainted with Joséphine de Beauharnais, then First Consul. It is named architect of the Invalids in 1800, then architect of the government in 1801, jointly with Charles Percier.

First Empire

December 13rd 1804, Fontaine is architect of the palate of Tileries, the Louvre and dependences, imperial manufactures of the tapestries of the Goblins and the carpets of the Soap factory, the marble stores, and all the buildings of the crown located in the enclosure of the Town of Paris. At that time, Charles Percier puts an end to his official career.

In 1810, Percier and Fontaine gain the Grand Prix of Architecture for the arc of the Carousel.

March 9th 1811, it is elected member of the Académie of the Art schools and, on July 5th, it is decorated with the Légion of honor. Between 1811 and 1812, he is member corresponding several academies in Europe: Amsterdam, Antwerp, Munich, Rome.

In 1812, to died of Jean-François-Therese Chalgrin, the building site of the Triumphal arch is entrusted to Louis-Robert Goust, under the monitoring of a commission of four architects, Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine, François Debret, Jacques-Pierre Gisors and Éloi Labarre. One allotted to Fontaine the idea Voûte S with boxes (reference to the the Pantheon of Rome).

April 25th 1813, it is named first architect of the Emperor.

Restoration

Louis XVIII

Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine is maintained first architect, following the abdication of Napoleon and the constitutional Charte of June 4th, 1814 which puts Louis XVIII on the throne of France.

December 24th 1814, the title of first architect of the Emperor is removed. Fountain becomes then architect of Paris, architect of the King and architect of the duke of Orleans.

Charles X

Starting from May 25th 1826 in February 1828, Fontaine directs a commission of architects for work of the triumphal arch. In August 1828, he becomes member of the Société of Arts of Geneva. November 21st 1827, it Marie her daughter Aimee-Sophie Dupuis with the architect Symphorien Meunié. In 1828, it receives the cord of the Ordre of Saint-Michel.

Monarchy of July

In 1833, at the request of Louis-Philippe, Fontaine advises the Dubreuil architect for work that this last undertook in 1831.

Charles Percier dies on September 5th 1838.

February 25th 1848, Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine is maintained (at 86 years) in his functions of architect of the Building industries of the old Civil list in Paris. However, on September 20th, he resigns of his load of architect of Louvre and Tileries and Bâtiments of the old civil list of Paris. The next month, it is named honorary president of the Council of the civil Building industries.

Second Empire

September 20th 1853, Fontaine chairs for the last time the Conseil of the civil Building industries.

Achievements

  • 1791 : restoration of a residence in the old abbey of Saint-Pierre-the-Sharp for the cardinal Loménie de Brienne.

  • 1792 : realization, with Charles Percier, of the decorations for a tragedy in the Th3e4atre Fran1cais.
  • 1793 - 1796: realization, with Charles Percier, of the decorations for the theater of the Opera.
  • 1794 : installation, with Charles Percier, of the room of the meetings of the committee of the section of Brutus in the church Saint-Joseph, Street Montmartre.
  • 1795 - 1797: participation in the construction of the room of the Convention to the Tileries, and of the room of the the Council of the Five hundred to the Palais Bourbon.
  • 1798 : work for the general Charles Leclerc, the first husband of Pauline Bonaparte and brother-in-law of the general Bonaparte, with the castle of Montgobert.
  • 1798 - 1799: restoration of various Parisian private mansions.
  • 1800 - 1802: installation and decoration of the Castle of Malmaison for Joséphine de Beauharnais. Bonaparte will establish the seat of the French government there during the Consulat. This last considered that the library resembled a sacristy.
  • 1801 - 1802: repair work of the Tileries and the Castle of Saint-Cloud.
  • April 21st 1802 (1st Floréal Year X): consular decree giving the Alignment of a street which will lead Tuileries to the Louvre (the street Impériale, which will become the Rue of Rivoli), with in appendix plans, cuts and frontages of the project signed Charles Percier and Fontaine and the 28 germinal year X (April 18th 1802).
  • 1804 : work with the Castle of Fontainebleau, with the architect Etienne Leroy.
  • 1804 : temporary installations for the ceremonies of the sacring of Napoleon by the pope Black and white VII.
  • 1804 - 1812: installation of the large gallery of the Louvre.
  • 1806 - 1808: construction of the triumphal arch of the Carousel. It is crowned by a tank driven by the Victoire and Peace and drawn by the 4 ancient horses from Saint-Marc from Venice, which will be restored in 1815.
  • 1806 : first projects of meeting of Louvre and Tileries, restoration of Tileries, monitoring of work of the imperial palaces of Compiegne, Rambouillet, Strasbourg and Versailles.
  • 1806 - 1809: northern staircase of the Colonnade of the Louvre.
  • 1810 : preparations of the marriage of Napoleon i and Marie-Louise.
  • 1812 : restoration of the Elys3ee palace.
  • May 1814: restoration of the castle of Saint-Ouen for the arrival of Louis XVIII.
  • 1814 - 1831: completion of the Palais Royal.
  • 1814 - 1815: work with the Castle of Versailles, with the Dufour architect.
  • 1816 - 1826: construction of the expiatory Vault devoted to the memory of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette, Street of Anjou to Paris, with Louis-Hippolyte Lebas as inspector.
  • 1816 : restoration of the Elys3ee palace for the duke of Berry.
  • 1819 - 1831: restoration and enlarging of the Castle of Neuilly for the duke of Orleans.
  • 1821 - 1831: restoration and enlarging of the castle of Randan for Adelaide of Orleans, sister of the duke and future Louis-Philippe Ier (1830-1848) (source: folder-guide of the field by the District council of Auvergne, 2006). From 1830 to 1833, this one entrusts the transformation of the castle of Maulmont, wooded field to him close asset by his/her sister in 1829, an appointment of hunting for him and its Court (source: site of the castle-hotel-restaurant of Maulmont, 1/22/2007, which also states that Fontaine drew the wing of the " Gallery of Batailles" from Versailles, created by the king).
  • 1822 : re-establishment of the Th3e4atre Fran1cais to the Palais Royal.
  • 1824 - 1833: work with the Castle of Have.
  • 1825 - 1830: installation of the museum Charles X with the Louvre.
  • 1830 : plans of the Saint-Louis vault to Tunis, carried out by the Jordan.
  • 1830 : the large main staircase of the Palais Royal.
  • 1831 : work with the Tileries for Louis-Philippe, work with Saint-Cloud.
  • 1843 : plans of the Vault Saint-Ferdinand, Neuilly-sur-Seine, building having to on the spot commemorate the accidental death of the crown prince Ferdinand to Orleans, oldest son of Louis-Philippe, with the Lefranc architect as inspector.

Publications

Together, Percier and Fontaine publish:
  • 1798 : Palate, houses and other modern buildings drawn in Rome .
  • 1811 : Description of the ceremonies and the festivals which took place for the marriage of Napoleon i with the archduchess Marie-Louise .
  • 1812 : Recueil of interior decoration concerning all that pays to furnishing .
  • 1833 : Residences of the sovereigns of France, of Germany, of Russia, etc

Some pupils

Here some pupils of Charles Percier with whom Fontaine taught the perspective :

Others

  • Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine has his street in Paris (9 {{E}} Arrondissement).

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