Piedmontese compared to of Italian and French

The Piémontais belongs to the sub-group gallo-italic (it. galloitalico ), therefore it as well refers many common with the Italian , as with the French.

The vocabulary

The Piedmontese one has many the words, which words derive from Italian and French, but it has also the words differing from their Italian and French equivalents.

Italien	Français	Piémontais
attuale	actuel	dël di of ancheuj
comprendere	comprendre	ten-e da ment
Dio	Dieu	Nosgnor
giorno	jour	di
in altre parole	c'est-à-dire	visadì
in piu	de plus	an dzorpì
possedere	posséder	avèj
prendere	prendre	pijé
successione	suite	sequensa
un punto di vista	un point of view of	na mira
usare, utilizzare	utiliser	dovré

Grammar

The article

Italien	Français	Piémontais
un	un	un
una	une	na
il	le	ël
la	la	la
i	les	ij
le	les	le

The Piedmontese article a in front of the word starting with a vowel takes the face n' , in front of the word starting with sp , St etc - , however after the word finished by has , E - ' N .

Analogically as in Italian, into Piedmontese the articles ël , ij prendent the faces the , I (equivalents of Italian lo , gli ) in front of the words starting with sp , St , X .

Into Piedmontese, the definite article of singular in front of the word starting with a vowel is rédui with l' , however the definite article of plural - to j' .

Variation

In all the three languages one forms the cases by means of the prepositions (it. - france - pms.):

the preposition di - of - ED .

Italien	Français	Piémontais
di	de	ëd
del	du	dël
della	of the	dla
dei	des	dij
delle	des	dle

Into Piedmontese, the preposition ED :

in front of the word starting with a vowel is rédui with d' , after the word finishing by - has - with ' D , however in front of the word starting with St , sp- , Sc , X etc takes the face .
with the definite article in front of the word starting with a vowel is rédui with dl' in singular, with dj' in plural.
with the definite article in front of the word beginning St , sp- , Sc , X etc takes the face dlë in singular, djë in plural.

the preposition da - - da . Into Piedmontese, da is not plain with the definite article except male kind; for example, it. dal - pms. dal . Thus: it. paved - pms. da the .

the preposition has - with - has . Into Piedmontese, has does not take the other face (like it. AD ) in front of a word starting with a vowel. It is not plain with the definite article except male kind; for example, it. Al, have - france with, the - pms. Al, have . Thus: it. went - france with the - pms. with the .

the preposition in - en/dans - an/ant . the Piedmontese word year ( ant in front of un' article) corresponds to the Italian word in and the French words in and in . Contrary to Italian, into Piedmontese this word is not plain with the definite article. Thus: it. nel - pms. ant ël , it. nella - pms. ant the .

the preposition per - for - për . the Piedmontese word për corresponds to the Italian word per and the French word for .

the preposition idiot - with - idiot . the Piedmontese word idiot corresponds to the Italian word idiot and the French word with .

the preposition known - on - years . the Piedmontese word years or year S (without definite article: ansima has ) corresponds to the Italian word known and the French word on . Thus: it. sul - france on the - pms. years ël or year salt .

the preposition will tra/FRA - between - will antra . the Piedmontese word will antra (or year will tra ) corresponds to the Italian words will tra and FRA and with the French words with and at .

The verb

The conjugation of the auxiliary verbs (some forms)

the verb " être"
italien	français	piémontais	la form of grammaire
essere	être	esse	infinitif
è	est	with é	indicatif, present, third nobody, singulier
sono	sont	a son	indicatif, present, third nobody, pluriel
è stato, fu	a be, fut	with the stait	passé E, third nobody, singulier
sono state, furono	ont be, furent	a its ëstait	passé, third nobody, pluriel
era	était	with era	imparfait, third nobody, singulier
erano	étaient	with ero	imparfait, third nobody, pluriel
sarebbero	seraient	a sarìo	conditionnel, present, third nobody, plural

the verb " avoir"
italien	français	piémontais	la form of grammaire
avere	avoir	avèj	infinitif
ha	a	with ha	indicatif, present, third nobody, singulier
abbiamo	avons	i oma	indicatif the, present one, first nobody, plural
hanno	ont	with han	indicatif, present, third nobody, plural
aveva	avaient	with avìa	passé, third nobody, singulier
avrebbe	aurait	with the avrìa	conditionnel, present, third nobody, singular

the verb " pouvoir"
italien	français	piémontais	la form of grammaire
potere	pouvoir	podèj	infinitif
può	peut	a peul	indicatif, present, third nobody, singulier
possono	peuvent	a peulo	indicatif, present, third nobody, plural

Infinitive

The verbs, which in Italian have infinitive the terminations - are , in French - er , into Piedmontese have the termination - E (which often in the same words is written like - E ): it. parlare - france to speak - pms. spoken

Infinitives of the orignés verbs of Latin: pono , teneo has the termination - : it. mantenere, proporre - france to maintain, propose - pms. manten-e, propon-e .

Present

The verbs Piedmontese of third nobody in the present are preceded by the word has .

the verbs, which in Italian have infinitive with the termination - are , in French - er . In third nobody of singular the Italian termination - has or French - E changes into Piedmontese - has : it. spoke - france speaks - pms. has spoke . In third nobody of plural the termination Italian - ano or French - ent changes into Piedmontese - O : it. parlano - france speak - pms. has parlo .

The last ones

Into Piedmontese one uses of last made up. Per example: it. parlò, ha parlato - france spoke, spoke - pms. with the ha parlà ; it. parlarono, hanno parlato - france spoke, spoke - pms. with the han parlà .

Future

In third nobody of singular the termination Italian - rà or French - ruffle changes into Piedmontese - rà : it. parlerà - france will speak - pms. has parlerà .

The participle present

The termination Piedmontese - and corresponds to Italian the - ando and with the Frenchwoman - ant : it. parlando - france speaking - pms. parland .

The last participle

Differences of the terminations:

the past participles, which in Italian have the termination - ato , and in French - E , have into Piedmontese the termination - with . It does not change into female kind and plural. For example, it. parlato - france spoken - pms. parlà .
the past participles, which in Italian have the termination - ito , and in French - I , have into Piedmontese the termination - ì . For example, it. finito - france finished - pms. finì .
the past participles, which in Italian have the termination - uto , and in French - U , have into Piedmontese the termination - ù . For example, it. renduto - france returned - pms. rendù .

The share of the past participles is formed in an irregular way: it. fatto - france made - pms. fàit .

Into Piedmontese, in female kind of singular, at the end of the past participles interminés by - to one adds - has: finìa , but in plural - E : finìe .

Other forms

The French forms (for example impersonal) with the pronoun one have their Piedmontese equivalents. One creates them like third nobody singular, but instead of the word there is gives ace (or in front of the verb starting with St , sp- , Sc , X etc) For example, france one speaks - pms. ace spoke .

Negations

Into Piedmontese, for the negation, one uses particles nen or pà : it. not E - france is not - pms. with the E nen, the E pà .

The pronoun

Possessive pronouns

Contrary to Italian, into Piedmontese one neglects the definite articles in front of possessive pronouns. The plural of male kind is the exception, if it with the same face as the singular.

Into Piedmontese, possessive pronouns of masculine changont not per number. For example:

Italien	Français	Piémontais
suo	son	sò
sua	sa	soa
loro	leur	sò (Mr.), soa (F.)
suoi	ses	sò
sue	ses	soe
loro	leurs	sò (Mr.), soe (F.)

Other pronouns

Italien	Français	Piémontais
alcuno, qualque	certain, quelque	chèich
altro	autre	autr
che	que, qui	che
questo	ce, cet	cost, be (substantive) - sì
tutto	tout	tut

(1) The pronouns gave in singular of masculine. However, they them changont by kind and number (Mr. sing. chèich , Mr. pl. chèich , F. sing. chèica , F. pl. chèiche ). The pronouns, which are finished by - R, - T have the special form of plural of masculine (with the terminations - laughed, - Ti : àutri , tuti ).

(2) The pronoun che in front of the word starting with a vowel is rédui with ch´ .

Plural

In the substantives and the adjectives, terminations Piedmontese of plural - aj , - agenda , - ij corresponds to Italian the - Ali , - oli , - ili . Analogically, the Piedmontese termination - aj corresponds to French - with the , - ales , - els , they . Lez examples: it. speciali - pms. spessiaj , it. notevoli - pms. notéivoj , it. possibili - pms. possìbij , france social - pms. sossiaj .

The substantives and the adjectives of female kind, which in Italian have plural with the termination - E (and the singular with the termination - has ), in French - be (and the singular - E ), into Piedmontese have the plural finished by - E .

Substantives and adjectives Piedmontese of female kind with the termination - ica has plural with the termination - iche (just as in Italian).

Into Piedmontese, there exist the substantives and the adjectives of female kind (for example with the termination - Sion or - with ), which prendent the same faces in singular and plural.

The kind

The male kind

Many the substantives and adjectival Italian of singular of male kind finish by - O . Their equivalents Piedmontese do not have - O , for example: it. senso - pms. direction . The equivalents Piedmontese of the substantives and adjectival Italian finished by - Co , - go have the terminations - CH , - gh . However, the equivalents of the words finished by - bro , - tro have the terminations - ber , - for the third time .

Majority of the substantives and adjectives Piedmontese of male kind to the same face in singular and plural.

The substantives of male kind, which have in French the termination - E , into Piedmontese do not have this termination (france group - pms. grop ). Few them are finished by - O (france term, standard - pms. termo, tipo ) or - (france system, problem, theorem has - pms. sistema, problema, teorema ).

The female kind

The substantives and adjectives of female kind, which have in Italian the termination - has , and in French - E , have into Piedmontese the singular finished by - has : it. espirenza - france experiment - pms. esperiensa , it. interned - france intern - pms. anterna , it. teoria - france theory - pms. teorìa .

Into Piedmontese, there exist the substantives of female kind, especially of Greek etymology, which are invariable: anàlisi, ipòtesi (it. analisi, ipotesi , france analyze, assumption ).

Conjunctions

Italien	Français	Piémontais
come	comme	tanme, coma, 'me
dunque	donc, or	donca
e, ed	et	e
ma	mais	ma
mentre	pendant	antramente che
o	ou	o
perché	pourquoi, car	përche
se	si, lorsque	se

The adjective

The Piedmontese adverb pì corresponds to the Italian adverb più and French more , servissant with formation the comparative of greater degree.

The adverb

Adverbs generally met (comparison):

Italien	Français	Piémontais
allora	alors	antlora
anche, pure	aussi, même	ëdcò
ancora	encore	ancor
dopo	après	apress
dove	où	anté che
infine	enfin	anfin, për finì
intanto	cependant, néamoins	tutun
mai	jamais	mai
male	mal	mal
molti	bien of, much de	tanti, vàire ëd
molto	bien, très	motobin
poco, po'	peu	pòch
poi	puis	peuj
purtroppo	malheureusement	belevans
qui	ici	ambelessì
quando	quand	cand
sempre	toujours	sempe, tavòta
solo, solamente	ne… that, seulement	mach
sopra	si-dessus	sì-dzora
spesso	souvent	soens
troppo	trop	trop

Into Piedmontese, one creates complex adverbs by un' addition of the termination - man (it. - lies , france - lies ) with the adjective: it. finalmente - france finally - pms. finalman . However, one more often uses of the adverbial expressions, for example with use year will manera , ED fasson (it. nel modo , france in manner ) or da Na reflected (it. LED punto di Vista , france from a point of view): it. indipendentamente - france independently - pms. year will manera indipendenta .

Differences in orthography

The stressing of the accents

In a Piedmontese word in theory spindly accent with me syllable, that in Italian word equivalent. Into Piedmontese if the accent does not hail with the penultimate syllable, one marks the accentuated vowel, for example: it. origin - france origin - pms. orìgin .

Other examples:

the termination - ich, - ica etc: it. storico - historical france - pms. stòrich ;
the termination - bil : it. possibile - possible france - pms. possìbil ;
the group - òr- : it. corpo - france body - pms. còrp .

Differences of the letters and the groups of the letters

Into Piedmontese the simple consonants (it does not relate to S ) has where in Italian and French have double: it. effetto - france effect - pms. effect, it. rapporto - france report/ratio - pms. rapòrt , it. addizione - france addition - pms. adission .
the Italian diphthongs - zi- , - Ci and Frenchwomen - Ci , - Ti , - CTI , - xi- between vowels are transformed into - ssi- into Piedmontese: it. operazione, social, massimo - france operation, social, maximum - pms. operassion, sossial, massimal .
Italian and French diphthongs - ul- is transformed into - ol- into Piedmontese. Pareillement, Italian the - unt- , - unz- is transformed into - have , - ons- into Piedmontese: it. formulated - france formula - pms. fòrmola .
Italian the - nz- , - rz- in front of a vowel is transformed into - NS , - rs- into Piedmontese. Pareillement, the Frenchwomen - nc- , - NT , - nct- and - rt- are transformed into - NS , - rs- into Piedmontese: it. funzione, parziale - france function, partial - pms. fonsion, parsial .
the Piedmontese termination - ja is un' equivalent Italian - glia and of the Frenchwoman - island : it. famiglia - france family - pms. famija .
the Latin words starting with sp-, St have the French equivalents starting with esp-, and , however they have the equivalents Italian and Piedmontese starting with sp-, St . Into Piedmontese, if the preceding word is finished by a consonant, at the beginning of the word one inserts E : it spazio, stato - france space, state - pms (E) spassi, (E) stat .
the French beginning Re and Italian laughed transforms into rear into Piedmontese, for example: it. risoluzione - france resolution - pms. arzolussion (but not in front of - sp-, - St etc)

the French diphthong ct after a vowel is transformed into T into Piedmontese, for example: france structure - pms. will strutura .
the French diphthong pH is transformed into F into Piedmontese, for example: physical france - pms. fìsica .
the French diphthong HT is transformed into T into Piedmontese, for example: france theory - pms. teorìa .
the French diphthong Pt is transformed into T into Piedmontese, for example: descriptive france - pms. descritiv .
the French letter is transformed there into I into Piedmontese, for example: france system - pms. sistema .
the French diphthong have in front of N , S , R transforms itself into has into Piedmontese, for example: france reason - pms. rason .
the dumb H in French words is neglected in their equivalents Piedmontese: france humanity, assumption - pms. umanità, ipotèsi .
the French diphthong CH read as K is transformed into C into Piedmontese (just as in Italian), for example: france technology, psychology - pms. tecnologìa, psicologìa (it. tecnologia, psicologia ).
the French termination - that is transformed into - Ca into Piedmontese (just as in Italian), for example: france time - pms. època (it. epoca ).

Prefixes

Italien	Français	Piémontais
con-	con-	con- Co (in front of - St, - sp- etc)
es- (ecce-)	ex- (exce-)	es- (ece-)
in-	en-, in-	an- in- (negations and oppositions)
inter-	inter-	antër-
per-	per-	për-
pseudo-	pseudo-	fàuss-
quasi-	quasi-	scasi-
sotto-	sous-	sot-

Suffixes

Italien	Français	Piémontais
-al (Mr.), - ale (F.)	-el, - Al (Mr.), it, - ale (F.)	-al
-are	-aire	-ari (Mr.), - rear (F.)
-bile	-ble	-bil
-ian (Mr.), - IANA (F.)	-ien (Mr.), - ienne (F.)	-ian (Mr.), - IANA (F.)
-icare	-er	-iché
-ico (Mr.), - ica (F.)	-ic, - ician (profession)	-ich (Mr.), - ica (F.)
-ismo	-isme	-ism
-ivo (Mr.), - ivo (F.)	-if (Mr.), - ive (F.)	-iv (Mr.), - iva (F.)
-mente	-ment (adv.)	-man
-ore	-or	-or
-ose	-eux	-os
-sta	-ste	-sta
-stione	-stion	-stion
-tà	-té	-tà
-zione	-tion, - ction	-ssion -sion (after a consonant)

See too

Sicilian and Italian compared
Names of the months of the Gregorian calendar in various languages (also into Piedmontese)

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