The Région of Piedmont (into Piedmontese Area Piedmont and Italian it Regione Piemonte ) is a Région of Italy western north. Piedmont draws its name from its situation, with the foot of the the Alps. It is crossed by the Po. It is bordering on the French areas (the Rhone-Alps and Provence-Alp-Coast of Azure), Italian (Val of Aoste, Lombardy, Ligurie and Emilie-Romagna) and of the Swiss cantons of the Valais and the Tessin. Its capital is Turin.

Political geography

Piedmont belongs to the whole of the areas of the Plaine of Po, also called Padanie, whose territory extends from west in is on all the north of the Italian peninsula. This vast territory includes/understands - in addition to Piedmont - several areas: the Lombardy, the Valley of Aoste, the Venezia, the Emilie-Romagna, the Trentin-Haut-Adige and the Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

History

The territory which corresponds to Piedmont of today was inhabited by populations of origin Celt-Ligurian, which were submitted to the Roman culture, since the II century before our era. Many Piedmontese cities preserve important traces of the Roman epoch. Piedmont was on several occasions devastated at the time of incursions of the Germanic tribes and, during the Early middle ages, with summer a connection between the kingdom of Lombards and that of the Francs. As of 1418 the Principality of Piedmont is born. In first half of the 16th century the Country becomes the place of battles between foreign armies, which blocks the cultural life. With the return of the Duchy of Savoy and displacement of the capital of Chambéry with Turin in 1563 begins a new time, when the national feeling Piémontais becomes increasingly stronger. Piedmont is occupied by France in 1796. After the return of the king, the Piedmontese cultural elite fights for the unit of Italy, which is carried out in 1861. After the formation of the kingdom of Italy, Piedmont loses much of its importance; the language Piémontais E undergoes the competition of Italian and the Piedmontese literature becomes provincial. In 1864, Turin loses its role of capital and the Italian language and the culture definitively take the step on the Piedmontese language and the culture. At the 20th century, Piedmont becomes an industrial area, characterized by a strong immigration of the South of Italy.

Nature

The area of Piedmont presents varied natural environments due to the differences in relief. : 1930 km ² are protected areas, that is to say a little less than 8% of the total surface area. The National park of the Great Paradise, with horse between Valley of Aoste and Piedmont is most known. Its landscapes of high mountain and its fauna rich in ibex are evocative. The Val Large is also a national park. Moreover one does not count less than 56 parks or regional reserves. The marshy zones of the plain of Po were the subject of particular care. High the valley of Suse is also a mountain space with protected areas (Rochemelon).

Demography

  • : 4291000 inhabitants for a surface of: 25400 km ² would be a density of 181.
In addition to the places chiefs of provinces, the important cities are Moncalieri and Rivoli.

Economy

Piedmont is a rich area, so much from the agricultural point of view of (Riz, Maïs, sugar beet, potato) that Industrie L, with in particular the Car manufacturer FIAT.

  • : 396000 industrial companies: 122000 artisanal companies, more: 1700000 paid.

  • : 1000 kilometers of highways: 2000 km of railways, 2 international airports.
  • 100 research laboratories and Development, a system of scientific poles, 4 Universities.
  • Sector cars with FIAT since more than 100 years,
  • Leader in the sectors textile, food and of the domestic articles.
  • 190 hectares of natural parks and Turin is the city offering the most percentage of green areas per capita.
  • More: 1000 textile companies which export 70% of the production.
  • : 5000 producers of Rice on: 120000 hectares with 600 thousand tons per annum is 30% of the European production.
  • Ground of the vineyards: 54 wines AOC, 9 cheeses DOP, chocolate, hazel nuts, truffles, meat, Rice.
  • Culture and history: 100 museums: 1000 libraries.

Culture

Piedmont developed during the centuries an original culture, with a Latin language, the Piémontais, which produced a very rich literature, whose first texts go back to the 12th century. Having been part of a multinational state like the Duchy of Savoy, then the Kingdom of Sardinia (Savoy, Piedmont, Sardinia, Ligurie), Piedmont was always a multilingual country, in which French, the Piedmontese one, the occitan, the Franco-Provençal and later Italian cotoyés themselves without problem. Today Italian is the universal language, the Piedmontese one is spoken by half of the population (and learned in certain schools on a purely optional basis), and French remains a relatively well-known language. Beyond the Piedmontese one and of Italian, certain valleys of Piedmont also have a local language:

In Western Piedmont, the Vallées arpitanes of Piedmont (the Valley of Orco, the Soana Valley, three valleys of Lanzo, the Cenischia Valley, the average and the low Valley of Susa and the Sangone Valley) are areas whose influence is Francoprovençal.

All the other valleys of Western Piedmont are influenced by the culture language occitane (vivaro-alpine dialect ), this is why one calls them the Vallées Occitanes. Protected by the Italian law (law 482/1999), several municipalities installed panels of bilingual road signs in Italian and Occitan of Provence (For example: Roccaforte Mondovì/ Rucafuart , Caraglio/ Caralh (delivery Caraj ) and Valdieri/ Vaudier ), even if there exist still discussions on the orthographical standardization of the local versions of occitan and on the Italianized transcription of the local pronunciations.

Some valleys around the Rosa Mount are of language Walser, which derives from a medieval German dialect of the Valais.

Is of Piedmont to the length of the Tessin speaks a dialect lombard.

Policy

Considered stronghold of the right-hand side, Piedmont rocked at the time of the regional elections of April 2005. The outgoing president Enzo Ghigo was beaten by Mercedes Bresso.

Tourism

Administration

Piedmont is divided into 8 provinces (bearing the name of their chief town):

See too

Internal bond

  • List of the old Italian States

external Bond

  • Official site of the District council of Piedmont

  • Photographs

Be-X-old: П'емонт Simple: Piedmont

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