Phosphoacylglycérol
The phosphoacylglycérols are the principal components of the cellular membranes. They are composed of a molecule of Glycérol esterified to two fatty-acids and a Phosphate. The phosphate is also esterified another made up hydroxylated (often noted X) which varies according to phospholipide. The phospholipides are different according to the chains from fatty-acid (lengths and many non-saturations in their structure) and compound X esterified with the phosphatidic acid.
The phosphoacylglycérols are molecules Amphiphile S: they have an affinity for the compounds polar S thanks to their heads Hydrophile S (group phosphates and groups X), and for the compounds Apolaire S thanks to their tails Hydrophobe S (fatty-acids). Thus, in water, the phospholipides can be organized in Micelle S, membranes or other structures so as to minimize the contacts between hydrophobic water and their tails.
A phosphoacylglycérol is usually represented with a ball (for the polar head) and two legs (for the two hydrophobic tails).
Developed semi chemical formula
CH2-PO4-X with R1 and R2 two chains acyles. | and X a hydroxylated polar compound R2-CO-O-CH | R1-CO-O-CH2
History
It is in years 1950 that Robertson for the first time analyzed of the double-layered electronic micrographies lipidic ones by using osmium tétraoxyde. It has thereafter put forth the assumption that it was the polar head of the phosphoacylglycérols at which was fixed the osmium tétraoxyde.
Functions of phospholipides
Examples of phosphoacylglycérol
- Phosphatidylcholine
- Phosphatidyléthanolamine
- Phosphatidylinositol
- Phosphatidylsérine
- Plasmalogène
References
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