Pharmacogénomique

The pharmacogenomic aims at studying the interaction between the whole of the genes and a Médicament once absorbed.

This field of the Pharmacologie is currently under development great because it would make it possible to adapt the therapeutic treatments according to new criteria, measured directly starting from the genome.

The pharmacogénomique one is based on the presence of a different answer according to the individuals to the medicamentous treatments. One of the causes of these facts is genetic. The study of the genome or its expression (by ARN messengers) would make it possible more precisely to know the origin of the differences and thus to better target the medicamentous therapy, which can be very advantageous in term of comfort for the patient, and of total costs of the therapy.

The presence of a particular gene, even at an individual homozygote (carrying two specimens of this gene), cannot cause any symptom at the healthy person but result in a metabolism completely different from certain drugs. It is the case of gene coding the thiopurine methyltransferase, normally inactivant the Mercaptopurine given in certain cancers: in the event of change of this gene, with inactivation consequently of protein, the drug can accumulate in the organization which can cause serious undesirable effects (Aplasie). Another example is the modification of the Cytochrome P450 intervening in the metabolism of many drugs: nearly 10% of the population a fall of activity of this enzymatic system has involving an answer different to the catch from certain molecules, requiring an adaptation of the amounts.

The genes concerned thus intervene in the metabolism of the drug, but also in its transport will intra cellular, and on the level of the final target.

The gene, itself, can be completely normal and amended by the parts not coding of the DNA but which preserve a regulating activity.

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