PelÃcula del rapÃ©

The hydrochlorate of kétamine is a Molécule used like anesthetic general in human Médecine and Veterinary medicine.

From a pharmacological point of view it is very close to the Dextrométhorphane and the Phencyclidine.

The kétamine is also used in a diverted way.

History

It was synthesized for the first time by Calvin Stevens in 1962 for the laboratories Parkes Davis.

It is introduced in veterinary medicine as of 1965.

It was used for the first time by the American soldiers during the Guerre of Vietnam, but one quickly avoided of it employment because of his side effects: it causes feelings close to a Expérience of imminent death.

Chemistry

It belongs to the family of the cycloalkylarylamines.

In its form hydrochloride, it is presented in the form of a water soluble crystalline powder and the alcohol.

Pharmacology

The kétamine less influences the respiratory functions and cardiac that other molecules. When it is used with anesthetic amounts, it can even tend to stimulate the circulatory system rather than to slow down it. It is sometimes possible to practice a Anesthésie with the kétamine without taking protection measure for the air Routes.

The kétamine is also a powerful Analgésique and can be used in infra-anesthetic amounts to relieve of the acute Douleur S; however, its properties Psychotrope S must then be taken into account.

From a psychopharmacological point of view, it acts of a Inhibiteur of noncompetitive Glutamate on the level of the receiving S of NMDA. This effect is observed mainly on the level of the hippocampus and the Cortex préfrontal, which explains its important effects on the memory and the Conscience.

Therapeutic use

Indications

It remains sometimes used in human Médecine for patients which one does not know the medical antecedents (like the victims of road accidents). Under these conditions, it is then the first product which one tries to employ, for its effectiveness and its harmlessness.

It remains also used in Pédiatrie, for small surgical operations and incidentally for the treatment of the Migraine.

In Veterinary medicine, it is used as well for large animals, like the horses, as for surgical operations on smaller animals, in particular to anaesthetize Chien S, Chat S, rabbits, Furet S, Rat S.

Recherche S are currently carried out on its utility to treat the Douleur, the Alcoolisme and the dependence with the Héroïne.
In particular in Russia where the negative experiments lived under kétamine create states aversifs towards the alcohol.

Many users of drugs often have a first involuntary contact with the kétamine when an amount their is sold like another drug.

The mode of the most widespread use is it sniff