Peerage of France

The peerage of France is a group of large feudal, vassal direct of the crown of France. There were in the beginning twelve pars: six ecclesiastical pars and six laic pars. They had the privilege to be able to be judged only by the court of the pars. They n the other hand had the obligation of a liege Hommage to king de France. Starting from 1180, they were associated with the ceremony of the Sacre.

Their role became ceremonial starting from the end of the 13th century. The peerage, which is an office of the crown and not a Titer of nobility, became a means for the kings of distinguishing noble the most important from the kingdom. The movement accelerated at the 16th century: the king then named simple gentlemen with peerage, hoisting them at the top of the pyramid of the titles in France. It was necessary, to be even, enjoy a stronghold to which a peerage was attached and to go down from the person to which it first had been allotted the office. The role of the pars of France, at the time of the Old Mode, unlike the even British, was only honorary. Nevertheless, the pars preserved important privileges, like that to sit at the Parliament of Paris, larger court of justice of the kingdom.

In 1814, Louis XVIII created on the English model a Chambre of the pars, taking part in the legislative power. At the time of the Hundred Days, Napoleon names him also pars of France. The Second Restoration of 1815 restores the room of the pars, which are named on a purely hereditary basis. After the Revolution of July in 1830, the king Louis-Philippe preserves the room of the pars, but removes the heredity of peerage.

Primitive pars

Ecclesiastical pars

  • the archbishop-duke of Rheims, first of the pars (see the List of the archbishops of Rheims)
  • the bishop-duke of Laon (see the List of the bishops of Laon)
  • the bishop-duke of Langres
  • the bishop-count of Châlons
  • the bishop-count of Boundary-line
  • the bishop-count of Beauvais (see the List of the bishops of Beauvais)

Laic pars

  • the duke of Burgundy (annexed in 1477)
  • the duke of Normandy (annexed in 1204)
  • the duke of Aquitaine (annexed in 1453)
  • the count de Flandre (annexed in 1477)
  • the count de Champagne (annexed in 1314)
  • the count de Toulouse (annexed in 1271)

Late pars

XIIIe century

XIVe century

XVe century

XVIe century

XVIIe century

  • Pivot: duchy-peerage in 1600
  • Rohan: duchy-peerage in 1603
  • Sully: duchy-peerage in 1606
  • Fronsac: duchy-peerage in 1608
  • Damville: duchy-peerage in 1610
  • Hallwin/Candale: duchy-peerage in 1611
  • Chateauroux: duchy-peerage in 1616
  • Luynes: duchy-peerage in 1619
  • Lesdiguières: duchy-peerage in 1620
  • Bellegarde: duchy-peerage in 1620
  • Brissac: duchy-peerage in 1620
  • Hallwin: duchy-peerage in 1621
  • Candale: duchy-peerage in 1621
  • Chaulnes: duchy-peerage in 1621
  • Chevreuse: duchy-peerage in 1627
  • Richelieu: duchy-peerage in 1631
  • Valetta: duchy-peerage in 1631
  • Rochefoucauld: duchy-peerage in 1631
  • Enghien: duchy-peerage in 1633
  • Retz: duchy-peerage in 1634
  • Fronsac: duchy-peerage in 1634
  • Pivot: duchy-peerage in 1634
  • Saint-Simon: duchy-peerage in 1635
  • the Force: duchy-peerage in 1637
  • Pivot: duchy-peerage in 1638
  • Valentinois: duchy-peerage in 1642
  • Châtillon: duchy-peerage in 1643
  • Coligny: duchy-peerage in 1648
  • Pitch-Créquy: county-peerage in 1652
  • Randan: duchy-peerage in 1661
  • Verneuil: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Estrées: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Gramont: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Meilleraie: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Rethel-Mazarin: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Villeroy: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Mortemart: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Pitch-Créquy: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Saint-Aignan: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Randan-Foix: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Rocheguyon: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Tresmes/Gesvres: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Noailles: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Coislin: duchy-peerage in 1663
  • Choiseul: duchy-peerage in 1665
  • Aumont: duchy-peerage in 1665
  • Ferté-Senneterre (Saint-Nectaire cheese): duchy-peerage in 1665
  • Montausier: duchy-peerage in 1665
  • Vallière: duchy-peerage in 1667
  • Nemours: duchy-peerage in 1672
  • Béthune-Charost: duchy-peerage in 1690
  • Saint-Cloud: duchy-peerage in 1690 for the archbishop of Paris

XVIIIe century

See too

  • Duke and even

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