Paul Painlevé

Paul Painlevé , born with Paris the December 5th 1863 and died in Paris the October 29th 1933, is a mathematician and Politician French.

Specialist in aeronautics, chair Academy of Science, normalien, professor with the Faculty of Science of Paris and to the Polytechnic school, elected to the Academy of Science in 1900, it entered in policy at the time of the Affaire Dreyfus.

The mathematician

Raise National university, aggregate in 1886, it went to follow the courses of Schwarz and Klein to Göttingen. He taught then in Lille, then in Paris. He was professor with the Faculty of Science of the Université of Paris (1892-1896), with the Polytechnic school, the Collège de France (1897-1900) and at the National university. Beginning with its thesis On the singular lines of the analytical functions constant on June 10th, 1887, its most successful mathematical work concerned the singular points of the algebraic differential equations of the first and the second order (Singularité S) and on the abelian functions. They were worth to him to be elected with the Academy of Science in 1900 and in 1918 about it will become president.

As a mathematician, within the framework of its research in mechanics of the fluids, its work concerned mainly the systems of differential equations and their singularities, the elliptic functions, the complex analysis.

Differential equations of Painlevé: Lazarus Fuchs had established a typology of the differential equations of the 1st order. Painlevé was attacked, with Charles Emile Picard, with those of the second order. Equations of the form: y" = F (Z, there, y'), where F indicates a rational Fonction in there and y', bear its name and allowed a classification from where emerged from the standard equations, like y" = 6y ² + X, having transcendent Solutions called transcendent functions of Painlevé.

Finally Paul Painlevé found in 1921 a form of metric unusual, too ignored, which gives an account of the gravitational field of a star in the empty universe of Minkowski.

The politician

1910 - 1917

Deputy, Minister for the Instruction, the War, president of the Council

It engaged in a political career as from 1910, being initially made elect appointed of Ve district of Paris. Creator, with the whole beginning of the world war, the Direction of the inventions interesting national defense, he became the large theorist of aviation and obtained Parliament, in 1910, the vote of the first appropriations for the purchase of planes.

In October 1915, whereas it has just been appointed Minister for the State education in the government chaired by Aristide Briand, the founders of the committee of initiative of the work of the Pupils come to explain to him that works not-laymen obtain all the funds of the public searches in favor of the orphans. He decides to make approve the work of the Pupils so that it can obtain funds and help the orphans of the public schools. Its presidency is marked in particular by the multiplication of the summer camps and schools of outdoor, the attention paid to the health of the pupils, and the modification of the statutes of the work which deals from now on not only orphans but with all the problem childs.

Minister for the War in March 1917, he becomes president of the Council in September and then names Philippe Pétain commander-in-chief and Ferdinand Foch chief of staff. He is replaced two months later by Georges Clémenceau.

1919 - 1933

Minister for the War, chairs of the Parliament, president of the Council, Minister for the Air

He is re-elected appointed in 1919. He animates the Ligue of the Republic in 1921-22, then takes part in the Cartel of the lefts. After the victory of the Trust of the lefts, it chaired the Room from June 9th, 1924 to April 17th, 1925, until the moment of its candidature for the presidency of the Republic, after the resignation of Alexandre Millerand. Beaten by Gaston Doumergue, he is re-elected named president of the Room then, on April 17th, 1925, president of the Council to replace Edouard Herriot. Reversed on November 22nd of the same year, he becomes Minister for the War of 1925 to 1929 (with a 3 weeks interruption in June 1926), under Aristide Briand, Edouard Herriot and Raymond Poincaré, He made vote the law on one year the obligatory military service (1928) and ordered the first work of the Ligne Maginot.

He dies in October 1933. After national funeral, it is buried with the the Pantheon.

His/her son Jean Painlevé (1902-1989), French documentarist, carried out a great number of scientific films.

Electoral mandates

  • 1910 : appointed of the Seine (Ve district of Paris)
  • 1919: deputy

Governmental functions

Others

External bonds

  • Painlevé, biographical note
  • Painlevé, President of the Council
  • Painlevé, President of the National Assembly
  • Painlevé and War orphans
  • Painlevé mathematician
  • Praise of Painlevé

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