Papal States

The Papal States are the States which were under the temporal authority of the Pape. One also speaks about inheritance of saint Pierre . The Papal States do not exist any more de facto in 1870, and are formally abolished by the Accords of Lateran in 1929.

Origin

Their origin is based on a document called Donation of Constantin , forgery probably manufactured by the pontifical chancellery. According to this document, the emperor Constantin I {{er}} would have yielded, in 335, with the pope Sylvestre I {{er}}, all the provinces of the Occident.

This document is promulgated in 754 by Pépin the Brief which was thus committed yielding to the pope grounds conquered on the Lombards, this last reveals this donation with the Parliament of Quierzy-on-Oise. She corresponds to the territories of old the exarchat of Ravenne.

This donation is confirmed in 774, with Rome, by Charlemagne, wire of Pip.

Papal States until the French revolution

These States increased in 1115 by the heritage of the Mathilde countess of Toscane.

In the middle of the 14th century, the Trecento, the Papal States are with their maximum extension and the Constitutions égidiennes establish in 1357 seven provinces in the central whole of the Italy: Rome, the Campania and the Marittima in the south, the Inheritance of saint Pierre in Tuscan, the Sabine, the walk of Ancône and the duchy of Spolète; which it is necessary to add the enclaves of Bénévent and of Pontecorvo in the Royaume of Naples, Avignon and the Comtat Venaissin.

During the Guerres of Italy, the pope Jules II takes possession of the cities that César Borgia had conquered in Romagna and in the Marches. Leon X adds to it the towns of Emilie: Modena, Parma, Pleasure and Reggio.

In 1598, Clement VIII appendix Ferrare and Comacchio.

In 1631, Urbin is integrated into the Papal States and in 1649 Castro and Ronciglione.

The French revolution

In 1796, the Directoire sends the general Bonaparte accompanied by Gaspard Monge for the countryside of Italy. The February 6th 1798, the French troops invade Rome. The Directoire had required of the pope to give up his temporal powers, while keeping its spiritual powers. The February 17th, thinking that it is not possible to separate the two capacities, the emissary of the Directoire ask for Pie VI of leave Rome in the two days. This one flees in the night of the 17 to the February 19th 1798. The Roman République is proclaimed.

Pie VI finds refuge in the chartreuse one of Florence. It is made prisoner and taken along by the French troops to Bologna, then with Parma, Turin, Grenoble, and finally Valence, where exhausted it dies the August 29th 1799.

Thanks to the powers joined together with the Congress of Vienna (1815), Pie VII restores the Papal States.

End of the Papal States

See too

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Zh-classical: 教廷諸屬國

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