Panhard

Panhard is a French mark of cars.

History of the mark

About 1800 Breton the François-Rene Penhart comes to Paris to work as saddler then carriage-builder. His/her son Adrien Panhard amplifies the business and successfully launches out in the hiring of horse-drawn cars.

Jules Perin , carver of wood at the “Meubliers of the suburb”, deposits in 1845 a patent of guard of saw, then becomes manufacturer of woodworking machineries of various types: saws, surfacing machines, slotting machines… In 1867, Perin joins Rene Panhard, become Centralien, to found the “Perin, Panhard & Co” . Rene Panhard makes call in 1873 with the engineer Emile Levassor, his school-fellow of the Central School and they start to be interested in the gas engines starting from 1875. The series production begins the following year. Then the representative for France of the engines with oil of Gottlieb Daimler - Edouard Sarazin - comes into contact with Emile Levassor. He results from this in 1890 the marriage from this last with the widow from Edouard Sarazin and the beginning from the production under license from Daimler engines, then the construction of oil cars by Levassor. The same year, the company name of the company had become “Panhard & Levassor” , Emile Levassor succeeding Jules Perin. And, in 1891, begins the industrial production of the cars Panhard & Levassor whose civil production will stop in 1967, while, since 1952, the division of the woodworking machineries Perin-Panhard had been sold.

Short history of the automobile production

Panhard , of its complete name Panhard and Levassor , is an automobile manufacturer French. Heir to the company Perin-Panhard, it was founded as a car manufacturer in 1891 by both associated Louis François Rene Panhard and Emile Levassor with the participation with the widow Sarazin, by the opening of the first factory of cars with oil in the world in the 13th district of Paris. It is with this industrial anteriority in the production of spark-ignition engine motor vehicles that Panhard owes its title of mark senior , which places it before Daimler (Mercedes), Benz or Peugeot. (However, the marks Bowlful, Of Dion-Button or Serpollet had preceded it in the production by cars with vapor) . Panhard-Levassor becomes one of the first car manufacturers in the world, behind the leader Of Dion-Button but the segment of the luxury and racing racing cars chooses. After death in race of Emile Levassor and the stop of the sporting event in 1903, Panhard-Levassor concentrates on the production of trucks and luxury cars which are classified in the leading bunch of the kind in France with Delaunay-Belleville, Hispano-Suiza or Neighbor. Before the war of 14, Panhard is the first French manufacturer, far in front of Renault.

In 1945 the economic conditions of the post-war period force Panhard to produce more accessible cars, and it is moulted as a manufacturer of cars " moyennes" (Dyna X, Dyna Z). But the lack of a sufficiently expanded range and financial means limited will handicap the Panhard firm: the civil branch (private cars) is absorbed by Citroen in 1965. That which could have been the saver reveals to be the executor, and Citroen stops the production of the Panhard cars in 1967, in spite of the obvious potential of the 24 which will never be declined in the convertible nor in the truck. Starting from this date, Panhard builds nothing any more but military vehicles armor-plated in its factory of Maroilles cheese-in-Hurepoix. After the failure of FIAT, it is in Peugeot that Michelin sells Citroen and Panhard in 1974. Beginning 2005, PSA Peugeot Citroen earlier sells the company at the new company of the Auverland cars founded 20 years by Fançois Servanin Auverland but preserves the name " Panhard" for a possible future civil use. Already in 1979, Peugeot had considered ressusciter the name of Panhard to apply it to the models of Chrysler-Europe, before choosing Talbot finally. The new unit takes the name of " General Panhard defense" under the direction of Christian Mons.

Arthur Krebs was its director of 1897 with 1916.

The era of the without-valves: 1910-1937

As of 1910, Panhard is interested in the engine without valves created by Charles Yale Knight. The valves are replaced by shirts sliding along the pistons covering and discovering the openings of admission or exhaust. In 1925, one 20 CV of 4,8 liters conquers the world records of the hour with an average of 185,773 km/h. In 1929, is conceived the Barre Panhard, a stabilizing bar stabilizer, which is still used in the back suspension of many other rigid axle vehicles everywhere in the world. The models CS and DS of 1929 will evolve to the Panhard Panoramic in 1934 and Dynamic in 1936. Starting from the CS and DS, and until the disappearance of the mark, Louis Bionier will ensure the drawing of the models. For this period, Panhard will develop a great range of utilities: trucks, coaches, bus; and will work on the technology of the Gazogène. The engines with double wavering shirts had as an advantage a great silence of operation, a high torque, guarantor of a great flexibility, present as of the low modes, but for disadvantages a consumption of very high oil and a very weak lifespan of the thin shirts which wore by friction between them and on the level of the exhaust ports because of the deformations. One can only consider it regrettable that Panhard did not adopt the improvements made by Bristol which consisted in particular of a mechanism simpler with only one robust wavering shirt and which improved very considerably reliability, the lifespan of the shirts, the manufacturing costs and the consumption of oil as the excellent engines of plane prove it which were built until 1963 (Snecma-Bristol-board " Hercules" intended for Noratlas) of which the lifespan was 30% higher than the conventional engines of plane…

The era of the flat-twin: 1945-1967

After the Second world war, Panhard produces light cars like the Dyna X, Junior, Dyna Z, PL 17, which will become simply the 17, and finally ultimate Panhard: the 24. The engines without Soupape S made obsolete by progress of the traditional engines are abandoned. All these models are motorized by engines twin-cylinders flat and are opposed (flat twin) cooled by air. This high-output twin-cylinder (until 60 ch SAE for 848 cm ³ on the 24CT) presents many technical originalities:

cylinder one-eyed (cylinder and cylinder head of a part and jointless),
connecting rod assembly assembled on bearings; Panhard patent,
Valve S recalled by torsion bars then by a hydraulic play take-up.

The company manages to circumvent the governmental restrictions of the Plan Pons prohibiting to him to continue its automobile activity. For that, Panhard will have to call upon the Aluminum for their structure and of many components. Dyna X and first Z have an aluminum body. Last Z and the PL 17 are made in Acier. The body is round and very aerodynamics, which made them different from those of their time. The 24 CT is one 2 + 2 splendid; the 24 BT with a longer footing is roomy enough for four or five people.

Let us recall that Panhard is the first manufacturer to have conceived a turbo engine diesel (Clerget).

Models

List (nonexhaustive) models of Après-guerre of the mark:

1946 Panhard Dyna X (known as " Louis XV " or " Crapaud")
1948 Panhard Dynavia (prototype)
1952 Panhard Dyna Junior Convertible and roadster
Panhard Scarlette (Rosengart Arietta with frame and driving Dyna X)
1954 Panhard Dyna Z
Panhard Monopoly: official car of the mark to the 24 hours of Mans into 1956,1957 and 1958. And in rally with limps short.
1960 Panhard PL 17 then 17 short whole
1962 Panhard CD in collaboration with Charles Deutsch.
1963 Panhard 24
1967 End of manufacture

to note the representation in very noticed competition of stable D.B of Rene Bonnet between 1950 and 1961

Military vehicles

Panhard also developed military vehicles, in particular cross-country the Peugeot P4 of the French Army also known under the name of Panhard PL 30. Held by the group PSA Peugeot Citroen, Panhard was yielded in February 2005 to its competitor Auverland and the new entity took the name of “Panhard General Defense”.

The Panhard AMD-178 and the RBE 75 (Armoured Vehicle of Recognition), created in 1951, are two of most famous armored vehicles the.

Characteristic of the RBE 75:

Laden weight: 12,7 T

Ground clearance: 0,34 m

Speed max: 105 km/h

Mean velocity: 70 km/h

Capacity of the tanks: 370 L

Autonomy: 10/11h - 650 to 700 km

Consumption: 55 l/100 km

Ray of turn: 6 m

Pressure on the ground: 0,700 kg-cm ² (intermediate gears low position)

Shielding: equivalent to 40 mm

Reverser of walk Crew: 1 chief of car (p.a) charger/1 sergeant or rider (p.a) gunner/ 2 riders (p.a - p.m) conducting Mark: Panhard 12 cylinders flat

Maximum mode: 4.000 tr/min

Power max: 200 CV

Cooling: air Canon: 75 (SA. 49) Vo (perforating normal): 625 m/s

To be able perforating to 1000 m: 80 mm

Ammunition: total: 56 - out of turret: 20

Weight of the ammunition: 6.4kg

Currently, the Panhard military vehicles are present in forty country, in particular with the model VBL.

Characteristic of the VBL:

- Mass in order of combat: 4 tons.

- Power Ratio/weight: 24 cv/t.

- Speed: on road: 95 km/h - in water: 5,4 km/h.

- Autonomy to 60 km/h, stabilized on road: 600 km.

- Crew: 1 chief of edge - 1 pilot - 1 gunner.

Dimensions except equipment and armament:

- Length: 4 m - Width: 2,02 m

- Height with the roof: 1,70 m - Ground clearance: 0,37 m

Crossing:

- Slope: + 50% - Cant: 30% - Ford: 0,90 Mr.

- Vertical Obstacle: 0,50 Mr.

Frame: monocoque case armor-plated on all its faces, floor included.

Power unit:

- Diesel Engine XD3T turbo-compressed Peugeot, power 95 ch DIN (70 kw), couple 21 mdaN with 2.250 tr/min.

- Torque converter with automatic gear box with 3 reports/ratios.

- Box transfer to two reports/ratios.

Transmission - Suspension

- 4 driving wheels permanently.

- Independent suspension.

Optional equipment: collective protection NBC, air-conditioning, power-assisted steering, nautical propulsion…

Last-born child of the range Panhard, AVL (old PVP - Small Protected Vehicle) was recently adopted by the French Army within the framework of an invitation to tender of the DGA.

This armor-plated cross-country vehicle is intended for transport of personnel, of systems of weapons, detection and transmission and recognition.

Level of protection: STANAG 4569 level 2 for the crew and the operational compartment + floor with protection anti-personnel mines (type DM 31).

Its adaptability of a great number of equipment and the interior modularity makes an ideal vehicle of it to fulfill various missions.

Characteristic:

- Length: 4.282 Misters.

- Width: 1.970 Misters.

- Height: 2.135 Misters.

- Footing: 3.000 Misters.

- Tare weight: 3.870 kg.

- Payload: 1.130 kg.

- Engine: 2.800 Cm3 Diesel turbo.

- Power: 146 ch.

- Many places: 2 to 7 according to the missions.

Performances:

- Maximum speed: 120 km/h.

- Angle of attack: 76°.

- Angle of exit: 55°.

- Maximum Cant: 30°.

- Passable Slope: 100%.

- Passage to ford: 535 Misters.

- Autonomy: 800 km

The trademark

To distinguish the Panhard cars & Levassor from their competitors, the choice is made decorate their grill of the Monogram " PL" registered voter in a circle, two letters being interlaced. This emblem however banal will obtain a sharp success from the customers.

Monument with Emile Levassor

November 26th, 1907, a stone monument was inaugurated public garden Parodi, boulevard of the Admiral Buix in Paris XVI°, in the honor of Emile Levassor and of the pioneers of industry and the automobile sport. In the taste of the time, the Dalou sculptor represented Levassor at the wheel of the car on which it had gained the Paris-Bordeaux-Paris race in 1895 in two days (it had however been disqualified). This monument, financed by a public subscription, had been offered to the town of Paris.

Leaders

Rene Panhard: 1892-1908
Paul Panhard: 1908-1968
Jean Panhard: 1933-1968

External bonds

Forum and place of exchange on Panhard
Site Panhard Club Internet
Site of the company Panhard
Site commemorative of cars D.B in Champigny-sur-Marne
Site of Dynamic Panhard Club and Levassor
Site of Panhard Vbl
Club Panhard Levassor France

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