Palindrome

See also: Palindrome (homonymy)

One generally indicates by palindrome (Greek palin (behind) and dromos (race)) a palindrome of letters , i.e. a text whose order of the letters remains the same one as one reads it from left to right or from right to left. Example: “Ésope remains here and rests”.

It is commonly allowed that one does not take account of the signs Diacritique S (Accent S, Tréma S, Cédille S) nor of the spaces. However, nothing prohibits the palindromist from choosing more strict rules. It is about a luxurious art ultra naked .

One can distinguish the palindromes having an even number of letters, in which the axis of symmetry passes between two specimens of the same letter (“elected by cet' | you villain”), of the palindromes to odd number of letters, whose “letter-pivot” occupies the center (“Ésope remains I it I and rests”).

The palindrome is a literary forced difficult when it is a question of composing a text a certain length. The direction of the text can then appear obscure. “Large Palindrome” of Georges Perec is longest French palindrome published, with 5  566 letters, is the product of the palindromic multiplication 11*23*2*11. The “world records” are held by Pitkä palindromi , a palindrome in Finnois composed by Teemu Paavolainen in 1992 with 49  935 characters.

Although practiced long time (the palindrome was also called formerly Sotadiques, of the Greek poet Sotades (300 av. J. - C.) which passes to have invented them), the palindrome was often regarded as a minor play. It was popularized by the literary group Oulipo in second half of the XX {{E}} century.

One should not confuse palindrome with Anacyclique in which the reading from right to left from left to right gives a word different from that obtained by a reading (example: Leon and Christmas). Any end to end put pair the palindromic ones constitutes a palindrome.

There also exists of other types of palindromes where the unit is not the letter (see low).

Words palindromes

The words palindromes are sometimes named “palindromes natural”, although this name is not appropriate for the agglutinant Langues ( German Gnutötung in ). For example, common nouns radar, rotor or kayak, the verb to re-sift. The words palindromes can also be proper names like the first names Neven, Eve and Otto, the towns of Sées, Noyon, Laval or Senones, the river Erdre, the Roman goddess Acca, the Groupe of music ABBA, the character of the film the Bite of the lizard Stanley Yelnats or the actor Robert Trebor (this last name is however a Pseudonyme). One can also quote like example an Indian language, the Malayalam, spoken in the state about Kerala.

Some palindromes

Seuls some examples among most known for each language are listed in this section. For more exhaustive lists, you can consult the external bibliography and bonds

In French

See List of palindromes French for a more complete list
The difficulties of composition of palindromes in French are in particular due to the great frequency of the E dumb and Digramme S or Trigramme S private individuals like “CH”, “qu”, “with” or “ion”. However, the literature is abundant:
  • Engage play that I gain it. (Alain Damasio - the Horde of the Wind-brace)
  • At the stage, impresses it! (Louise de Vilmorin)
  • This reference mark, Perec (palindrome monovocalic)
  • You crushed it too much, César, this Port-Salut cheese! (alexandrine allotted to Victor Hugo)
  • the Gide mother digests badly. (Louis Scutenaire)
  • Eric, our servant, went to wash you your wax.
  • Leon, horned emir, of a rock Christmas rhyme. (Charles Cros)
  • Eh! Ca goes the cow
  • Georges Perec is the author a length palindrome (1969) which counts 1247 words.
  • the palindrome Lieu encircled of Stephan Susana is also a very long palindrome.
  • " Out of gabbro, the ammonite crushes this moved sandstone there! Suited, Eve withdraws your blade-aegis (let us withdraw bow net and name crafty one of gold). Beautiful, it the USA this Lied with erosion. Nifé, miasma gave luster to and Lucette dévalisa the foliated stag. Cargneule (here tuff and there sablor), this lassi cracked yields an ave granularity and a packsaddlled Imam-mess tin. Eric wears the nap off a learned axis. Cretaceous of hair and aluminum: dry! Selene re-silvered Malian, Marc leaves strop (LISA, sedative, denied). Brown naked dolerite and opal, Rita carries you the farmhouse. One (isosceles, traced, trimmed) machine harnesses the pine forest. This valley in Etna, you mixed. Anna creamed the mixed divergence there, the negro guy emptied the sea cyan. Nasal mutant, the lava yields: Neither pale, neither gross, nor gneiss… Barley of chart, the cosine mixed too much and drew the potful. A drawn bar urban loden cloth avoided asylums rétros. Cramé, materné, it brings the zeros. To only hold this decaf-tercet, codex with naked, Emile waxes and Abel, the magma, minute one erg. Eva, naked, detects fissa! Cruel basalt was elected here in grace. It offers that if the high-speed motorboat worship (arc with nems) likes Finnish. Oréade, accidental island, it embroiders, surmounted without norite. Written, my laterite dreams and Serge palm. César, this yeti, named Orb bagne."

Even the word “palindrome” can fit in palindromes: to put this palindrome quickly does not bite nor lape this drunk bag . Georges Perec also inserted this word in its length palindrome.

In Greek

  • ΝΙΨΟΝ ΑΝΟΜΗΜΑΤΑ ΜΗ ΜΟΝΑΝ ΟΨΙΝ. “Lava my sins and not my only eyes. ”.

In Latin

  • In girum imus nocte and consumimur igni. We turn in round in the night and we are consumed by fire . This sentence, which applies inter alia to the butterflies of night, is also the title of a film of Guy Debord left in 1978.
  • Odo tenet mulum, madidam mappam tenet Anna. (this sentence is not a palindrome but each one of its words in is one)
  • Roma amor.
  • Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor. Of Rome will come you at once the love impassioned (allotted to Quintilien).
  • Sator Arepo Tenet Operated Rotas. the Arepo sower leads the wheels carefully . All the letters employed are only those of the expression LORD'S PRAYER NOSTER. This is why some did of them one of the secret symbols of recognition of the Christians. to see the article Ichtus and the site History of the cross Words
  • If bucket killed you laus taxat, sweated laute tenebis.
  • Signed, signed you; temere me tangis and angis? Signe and, don't you realize sign that you me greenhouses and strangle me? (allotted to Quintilien).
  • Plate medere fag ede perede melos.

In German

The palindromes ( Palindrom ) in German can differentiate the letters ö from O, U of U and ä of has, to neglect the stressing of it, or to write them in their antiquated form oe, ue and ae.
  • Ein Neger put Gazelle zagt im Regen denies. “A Black with a gazelle never hesitates under the rain. ”
  • Eine güldne, gute Tugend: Toboggan denies! “A good gold virtue: never lie! ”
  • Reliefpfeiler.

In English

  • has man, has plane, has channel: Panama. (a man, a project, a channel: Panama.) (Leigh Mercer)
  • “Whitebait was I era I saw Elba. ” (“I was powerful before seeing the isle of Elba. ” , dixit Napoleon)
  • Desserts I desired not so long No lost one small channel distressed. (city by Michel Laclos)
  • “Did hannah see bees? ” Hannah did… did (“Hannah see bees? ” “Yes. ”)
  • Evil I did dwell, lewd did I live. (quoted by Michel Laclos)
  • Evil has name off foeman, ace I live. (city by Michel Laclos)
  • Go droop - stop - one ward Draw No pots, poor dog. (city by Michel Laclos)
  • “Madam, in Eden I' m Adam”. responded: “Eve”. ( “Madam, in the Eden I am Adam”. “Eve” ).
  • No, it is opposed, art sees trade' S opposition. (city by Michel Laclos)
  • Now stop, general major! Are negro jam pots won? (city by Michel Laclos)
  • Now, Sir, even Hannah never is won. (quoted by Michel Laclos)
  • “Children's nurses run”, says sick Cissy ace children's nurses run. (“the infirmères run”, says sick Cissy whereas the nurses run.)
  • Paget saw year irish tooth Sir, in has waste gap. (quoted by Michel Laclos)
  • Rail At has liar. (city by Michel Laclos)
  • Rats live one No evil star. (quoted by Michel Laclos) It worms is of Sylvia Plath, poet American.
  • Stop, Syrian! I start At rats in airy spots. (city by Michel Laclos)

  • to note that the singer and American parodist Weird Al Yankovic composed a song, entitled Bob, exclusively made up of palindromes.

  • In the Video game Might and Magic V: Dark Side off Xeen , several palindromes original of variable quality is proposed to the player, helping it to solve a enigma. One can note for example:
    • Eva, edge I stab beat in has cellar? (Eva, can I stab bats in a cave?)
    • God! With red nugget! With conceited person egg under has dog! (God! A red nugget! a large egg under a dog!)

In Arab

  • حوتفمهمفتوح “a whale with open mouth. ”
  • عقربتحتبرقع “a scorpion under a veil. ”

In Breton

  • Ro da gador. “Your chair Gives. ”
  • Noah, E vag has gave eon. “Noah, whose boat found scum. ”
  • Te, mab baradebrer er bed arab bamet. “You, wire eater of bread filled with wonder by the Arab world. ”

In Catalan

  • Català with the atac. “Catalan with the attack. ”
  • be O No are. “One is or one is not. ”
  • I macaw spoke. “And it is important now little. ”

In Chinese

  • 上海自来水来自海上. ( lay Shanghai zilai shui zi hai shang , “the running water of Shanghai comes from the sea. ”)

In Korean

The palindromes are called Huimunche ogu :
  • Saingson sonsaing. (Saing its sound saing) “professor Poisson. ”
Note: even notices that low for Japanese

In Spanish

  • Reconocer. “To recognize. ”
  • Amo the pacífica paloma. “I like the peaceful dove. ”
  • Anita washed the tina. “Anita washes the basin. ”
  • Dábale arroz with will zorra el abad. “Rice to the vixen the abbot Gave. ”
  • Ateo por Arabia iba raro poeta. “An atheistic odd poet went through Arabia. ”

In Esperanto

  • mateno, bone tamen. (Not the morning will be appropriate to me however.)
  • the vedo concealed: malsatas lam' in saleco of val'. (The purpose of Veda is: the LAMA is not hungry in the salinity of the valley.)

In Estonian

  • Aias sadas saia. “In the garden, it rained white bread. ”

In Finnish

Finnish is a language favourable with long the palindromes: Saippuakauppias (commercial of soap), is regarded as the natural palindrome longest. It is also a language where a palindrome of almost 50.000 characters was made up
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