Othoman Parliament

This article relates to the Othoman Parlement , founded in the Empire since it obtains its first Constitution.

Chronology

1847 : a first assembly ( Majlis ) made up of a Moslem representative and a Christian for each Othoman province meets for two months to discuss the local questions, it acts however only of one Consultative Assembly, a kind of pre-Parliament
December 23rd 1876: Constitution, whose models are the Belgian Constitution of 1831 and the constitutional Act Prussian of 1850, between into force in Ottoman Empire, prolongation of policy of reforms (Tanzimat), it envisages in particular installation of Parliament Othoman representing all inhabitants of Empire, whatever their religion (even if there were reserved Sièges for the Christians and the Jews), 50.000 citizens of 25 years old male sex elect a Great Elector who, with others, elect deputies (as for the presidential election American or that of the members of the French Senate); the Egypt, the Tunisia, the Montenegro, the Serbia and the Mount-Lebanon, however under Othoman suzerainty on the plan of the international law, refused to send deputies to this Othoman Parlement , which included/understood a Room of deputy of 130 members and a Room of notable of 31 members. The first elections take place in December 1876, during which only 119 deputies are elected (71 Moslems, 44 Christians, 4 Jews).
February 1877: the sultan Abdülhamid II returns the Prime Minister Midhat Pasha, in favor of the Ottomanisme ( osmanlilik ) and craftsman of the Othoman Constitution
March 19th 1877: first session of the Othoman Parliament, followed by the first dissolution
December 1877: new elections, where 113 deputies are elected (64 Moslems, 43 Christians, 6 Jews), of which only 55 had been to it one year before
February 14th 1878: the sultan dissolves the Parliament
July 24th 1908: the young Revolution Turkish obliges the sultan to restore the Constitution of 1876 and the Parliament, whose first president will be, of 1908 with 1912, Ahmed Riza, briefly Prime Minister after the First World War
November 8th 1908: end of electoral operations
December 17th 1908: first session of the new Othoman Parliament
May 16th 1911: first debate at the Othoman Parliament on the intrigues of the colonists Zionists in Palestine
1912: Abdallah Ier of Jordan Al Hachimi, future king of Transjordanie and wire of the Sherif of Mecque Hussein ibn Ali, becomes appointed Hedjaz at the Othoman Parliament, then vice-president of this assembly
January 23rd 1913: suspension of the constitution by the Young person-Turks, which causes negative reactions in the Arab provinces of the Empire, where the Othoman deputy of Basra Sayyid Talib Al-Naqib sets up a Société for the reform
October-December 1919: last election of the Othoman Parliament
January 12th 1920: opening of the last session of the Othoman Parliament
March 16th 1920: occupation of Istanbul by the British, who stop 30 Othoman deputies and off-set them with Malta, where others will follow them
April 11th 1920: the sultan Mehmet VI dissolves the Parliament

Several deputies at the Othoman Parliament then continued political careers in the various States successors of the Ottoman Empire

Some Othoman deputies

1877-1878

Ahmed Vefik Pasha (1823-1891), first president of the Othoman Parliament
Khalil Ghanem (1846-1903) HTTP: /www.encislam.brill.nl/data/EncIslam/S6/SIM-4166.html, appointed Christian (Maronite) of Beirut, it becomes then, with the Moslem Ahmed Riza and the Druze Amin Arslan, one of the promoters of the Young person-Turks to Paris where it took refuge after the dissolution of the Parliament
(1829-1907), elected appointed of Jerusalem in 1877, president of the Othoman Parliament, appointed mayor of Jerusalem in 1899

1908-1920

Garejian Pasdermadjian (Armen Garo), Othoman Armenian revolutionary leader initially appointed then officer in the Russian army
Abdallah Ier of Jordan, appointed of Mecque, future king de Transjordanie, then of Jordan
Ahmed Riza
Ruhi Al-Khalidi (1864-1913), appointed of Jerusalem elected in 1908 and 1912, vice-president of the Parliament in 1911
Sheikh As' AD Shuqeiry (1860-1940), elected appointed of Acre in 1908 and 1912, father of (1908-1980), first president of the Liberation organization of Palestine
Ruhi Abdul Hadi (1885-1954), vice-president of the Parliament Othoman in 1908, minister in Jordan in 1949 and 1952-1953
Ragheb Nashashibi (1881-1951), elected appointed of Jerusalem in 1914, Jordanian minister in 1949-1951
Farès Al-Khoury (1877-1962), appointed Christian of Damas in 1908, Minister for Finance of the transitory Kingdom of Syria in 1920, Minister for Teaching in 1926 (from April at July), appointed with the Syrian constituent Assembly in 1928, elected at the Syrian Parliament in 1932, re-elected in 1936 (and chair Parliament until 1939), 1943 (and chair Parliament until 1944), Prime Minister of November 1944 in September 1945 (date on which it becomes again president of the Parliament until the coup d'etat of Hosni Zaïm in 1949) and 1947, Prime Minister from October 25th, 1954 to February 13rd, 1955.

See too

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